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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lexrussica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Lex russica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lex Russica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-5920</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7869</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSAL</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/1729-5920.2021.178.9.131-143</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lexrussica-2114</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ / COMPARATIVE STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPARATIVE STUDIES / COMPARATIVE STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стандартизация сделок M&amp;A в США и Европе: эмпирические исследования и концептуальный анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Standardization of M&amp;A Transactions in the USA and Europe: Empirical Research and Conceptual Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новикова Ольга Владимировна, кандидат юридических наук, PhD, доцент департамента правового регулирования бизнеса </p><p>Мясницкая ул., д. 20, г. Москва,  101000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Novikova, Cand. Sci. (Law), PhD, Associate Professor, School of Legal Regulation of Businessul. Novocheryomushkinskaya, d. 69a, Moscow, 117418 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mailandlaw@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>HSE University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новикова О.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новикова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novikova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/2114">https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/2114</self-uri><abstract><p>Степень стандартизации практики заключения сделок M&amp;A в Европе и США, во многом воспринятой и в России, позволяет поставить вопрос о формировании lex mercatoria в области корпоративных сделок. Опыт формирования и изучения стандартов заключения сделок, рассмотренный в статье, отражает технологические возможности обработки информации за последние 20 лет. Этот опыт является основой для следующего этапа развития правового регулирования, связанного с применением технологий машинного обучения и трансформацией регламентации общественных отношений. C практической точки зрения при заключении сложных сделок, пока не унифицированном платформенными технологиями, несомненна актуальность вопроса: что было бы обычным (средним, компромиссным, наиболее разумным) решением для конкретной ситуации? В статье проводится глубокий и подробный анализ данных эмпирических исследований, в частности отчета 2019 г. об основных условиях европейских сделок в отношении частных компаний, опубликованного Американской ассоциацией юристов. Автор делает вывод, что, несмотря на некоторую ограниченность выборки с точки зрения статистики, периодический характер, единая методика и международный охват данных отчета позволяют отслеживать динамику использования того или иного условия во времени и пространстве, а также уровень стандартизации и унификации подходов к регулированию условий M&amp;A. Автор выделяет те условия, практику применения которых можно считать устоявшейся, в частности условия о применимом праве, механизме корректировки цены, страховании ответственности рисков в связи с заверениями об обстоятельствах, подходы к определению убытков и ограничению ответственности продавца. В статье также анализируются тенденции закрепления позиций по дискуссионным вопросам, в том числе в отношении существенного изменения обстоятельств (MAE) и включения в его сферу обстоятельств, связанных с пандемией COVID-19, применения критерия знания, порядка урегулирования споров и др.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The degree of standardization of the practice of M&amp;A transactions in Europe and the United States, which is largely accepted in Russia, allows us to raise the question of the formation of lex mercatoria in the field of corporate transactions. The experience of forming and studying the standards for concluding transactions considered in the paper reflects the technological capabilities of information processing over the past 20 years. This experience is the basis for the next stage of the development of legal regulation related to the use of machine learning technologies and the transformation of the regulation of public relations. From a practical point of view, when concluding complex transactions that are yet to be unified by platform technologies, the relevance of the issue is undoubtedly relevant: what would be the usual (average, compromise, most reasonable) solution for a particular situation? The paper provides an in-depth and detailed analysis of empirical research data, in particular, the 2019 report “On the main terms of European transactions with respect to private companies” published by the American Bar Association. The author concludes that, despite some statistical limitations of the sampled information, the periodic nature, uniform methodology and international coverage of the report data allow us to track the dynamics of the use of a particular condition in time and space, as well as the level of standardization and unification of approaches to regulating M&amp;A conditions. The author identifies the conditions that are well-established in practice, in particular, the conditions on the applicable law, the mechanism of price adjustment, risk liability insurance in connection with assurances about the circumstances, approaches to determining losses and limiting the seller’s liability. The paper also analyzes the trends of consolidating positions on controversial issues, including those related to a significant change in circumstances (MAE) and the inclusion in its scope of circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the application of the knowledge criterion, the dispute settlement procedure, etc.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международное частное право</kwd><kwd>негосударственное регулирование</kwd><kwd>международные обычаи</kwd><kwd>сделки M&amp;A</kwd><kwd>сделки купли-продажи акций или долей в хозяйственных обществах</kwd><kwd>lex mercatoria</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>private international law</kwd><kwd>non-state regulation</kwd><kwd>international customs</kwd><kwd>M&amp;A transactions</kwd><kwd>transactions of purchase and sale of shares or shares in business entities</kwd><kwd>lex mercatoria</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белов В. 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