<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lexrussica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Lex russica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lex Russica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-5920</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7869</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSAL</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/1729-5920.2021.179.10.085-099</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lexrussica-2158</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ ПРАВА / THEORIA LEX</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY OF LAW / THEORIA LEX</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Россия: путь к светскости или клерикализации общества и государства?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russia: The Path to Secularism or the Clericalization of Society and the State?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мещерякова</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meshcheryakova</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мещерякова Анна Федоровна, кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры правосудия</p><p>Красная ул., д. 40, г. Пенза, Россия, 440026</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna F. Meshcheryakova, Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Department of Justice</p><p>Krasnaya ul., d. 40, Penza, Russia, 440026</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fuga9@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Юридический институт Пензенского государственного университета</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Law Institute, Penza State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мещерякова А.Ф., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мещерякова А.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Meshcheryakova A.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/2158">https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/2158</self-uri><abstract><p>В современной России возрастает интерес к религии не просто как к индивидуально-психологическому феномену, а как к социальному институту, который занимает видное место и активно участвует в жизни государства и общества. На фоне духовного возрождения страны появляются антиклерикальные течения, спекулирующие конституционным принципом светскости и усматривающие его нарушение практически в любых контактах государства с религиозными объединениями. Главный тезис статьи: светская модель государства не приемлет вмешательства религиозных объединений и власти в дела друг друга, но в то же время предполагает их взаимодействие, которое должно быть очерчено законодательными рамками.</p><p>Автор исследует семантику термина «клерикализация» и приходит к выводу, что он обозначает не просто сближение государства с наиболее влиятельными в обществе конфессиями, а процесс продвижения церковью своих интересов с помощью государственной власти. На основе анализа действующего законодательства, исторического опыта развития России, современного состояния государственно-конфессиональных отношений делается вывод, что говорить о клерикализации в нашей стране преждевременно. В пользу этого свидетельствует наличие жестких правовых запретов и ограничений для прямого участия религиозных объединений и их представителей в политике, а также формальное дистанцирование церкви и государства друг от друга в решении политических вопросов. Достаточно четко урегулировано государственно-церковное взаимодействие в сфере образования. Однако в остальных областях общественной жизни границы такого взаимодействия весьма условны, поэтому автор полагает, что для развития клерикальных тенденций складываются определенные предпосылки. Выделены юридические, исторические и идеологические предпосылки. Внесены предложения по совершенствованию правового регулирования некоторых проблемных аспектов государственно-конфессиональных отношений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern Russia shows an increasing interest in religion not just as an individual psychological phenomenon, but as a social institution that occupies a prominent place and actively participates in the life of the state and society. Against the background of the spiritual revival of the country, anticlerical trends appear, speculating on the constitutional principle of secularism and seeing its violation in almost any contacts of the state with religious associations. The main thesis of the paper is that the secular model of the state does not accept the interference of religious associations and authorities in each other’s affairs, but at the same time assumes their interaction, which should be outlined by the legislative framework.</p><p>The author examines the semantics of the term “clericalization” and concludes that it means not just the rapprochement of the state with the most influential confessions in society, but also the process of promoting the church’s interests with the help of state power. Based on an analysis of the current legislation, the historical experience of Russia’s development, the current state of state-confessional relations, it is concluded that it is premature to talk about clericalization in our country. This is supported by the existence of strict legal prohibitions and restrictions on the direct participation of religious associations and their representatives in politics, as well as the formal distancing of the church and the state from each other in solving political issues. The state and church interaction in the field of education is quite clearly regulated. However, in other areas of public life, the boundaries of such interaction are conditional, so the author believes that certain prerequisites are emerging for the development of clerical tendencies. Legal, historical and ideological prerequisites are highlighted. The author proposes to improve the legal regulation of some problematic aspects of state-confessional relations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клерикализация</kwd><kwd>светское государство</kwd><kwd>светскость</kwd><kwd>религиозные объединения</kwd><kwd>государственно-конфессиональные отношения</kwd><kwd>церковь</kwd><kwd>конфессии</kwd><kwd>государство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>clericalization</kwd><kwd>secular state</kwd><kwd>secularism</kwd><kwd>religious associations</kwd><kwd>state-confessional relations</kwd><kwd>church</kwd><kwd>confessions</kwd><kwd>state</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богачев М. И., Сорвин К. В. Политика в Церкви: воздействуют ли священники на электоральные предпочтения православных верующих? // Мир России. — 2019. — Т. 28. — № 4. — С. 68–91. — DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-4-68-91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogachev MI, Sorvin KV. Politika v Tserkvi: vozdeystvuyut li svyashchenniki na elektoralnye predpochteniya pravoslavnykh veruyushchikh? [Politics in the Church: Do priests influence the electoral preferences of Orthodox believers?]. Mir Rossii [The World of Russia]. 2019;28(4):68-91. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-4-68-91. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малахов В. С., Летняков Д. Э. Российское государство в конфессиональной сфере, или национальные особенности секуляризма // Мир России. — 2019. — Т. 28. — № 4. — С. 49–67. — DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-4-49-67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malakhov VS, Letnyakov DE. Rossiyskoe gosudarstvo v konfessionalnoy sfere, ili Natsionalnye osobennosti sekulyarizma [The Russian State in the Confessional Sphere, or National Peculiarities of Secularism]. Mir Rossii [The world of Russia]. 2019;28(4):49-67. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-4-49-67. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Огнев Д. А. К вопросу о содержании понятия «клерикализация» // Политические институты и процессы. — 2017. — № 2. — С. 5–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ognev DA. K voprosu o soderzhanii ponyatiya «klerikalizatsiya» [On the question of the content of the concept of “clericalization”]. Politicheskie instituty i protsessy [Political institutions and processes]. 2017;2:5-12. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Огородников О. В. Клерикализм — путь к прогрессу? // Защита и безопасность. — 2013. — № 3. — С. 34–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogorodnikov OV. Klerikalizm – put k progressu? [Is clericalism the way to progress?]. Zashchita i bezopasnost [Protection and security]. 2013;3:34-35. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Основы социальной концепции Русской православной церкви. — М. : Отдел внешних церковных связей Московской патриархии РПЦ, 2001. — 127 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osnovy sotsialnoy kontseptsii Russkoy pravoslavnoy tserkvi [The foundations of the social concept of the Russian Orthodox Church]. Moscow: Department of External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church; 2001. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осьмачко С. Г. Современные секуляризация и клерикализация в мире и в Русской православной церкви // Государство, общество, церковь в истории России XX века : материалы XIII Международной научной конференции. — Иваново : Ивановский гос. университет, 2014. — С. 522–527.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osmachko SG. Sovremennye sekulyarizatsiya i klerikalizatsiya v mire i v Russkoy pravoslavnoy tserkvi [Modern secularization and clericalization in the world and in the Russian Orthodox Church]. In: Gosudarstvo, obshchestvo, tserkov v istorii Rossii XX veka: materialy XIII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii [State, society, Church in the History of Russia of the 20th century. Proceedings of the 13th International Scientific Conference]. Ivanovo: Ivanovo State University; 2014. P. 522-527. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Похлебкин В. В. Моя кухня и мое меню. — М. : Центрполиграф, 2008. — 510 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokhlebkin VV. Moya kukhnya i moe menyu [My kitchen and my menu]. Moscow; 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернова Э. Р., Данилова А. А. К вопросу о процессе клерикализации и месте религии в современном российском обществе // Современные научные исследования и разработки. — 2018. — № 6. — С. 723–725.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernova ER, Danilova AA. K voprosu o protsesse klerikalizatsii i meste religii v sovremennom rossiyskom obshchestve [On the Issue of the Process of Clericalization and the Place of Religion in Modern Russian Society]. Sovremennye nauchnye issledovaniya i razrabotki [Modern scientific research and development]. 2018;6:723-725. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шахов М. О. Клерикализация России: миф или реальность? // URL: http://www.religiopolis.org/religiovedenie/3065-klerikalizatsija-rossii-mif-ili-realnost.html (дата обращения: 25.06.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shakhov MO.Klerikalizatsiya Rossii: mif ili realnost? [Clericalization of Russia: Myth or reality?]. Available from: http://www.religiopolis.org/religiovedenie/3065-klerikalizatsija-rossii-mif-ili-realnost.html [cited 2020 June 25]. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aleksov B. The Serbian Orthodox Church: Haunting past and challenging future // International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church. — 2010. — Vol. 10. — № 2–3. — P. 176–191.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksov B. The Serbian Orthodox Church: Haunting past and challenging future. International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church. 2010;10(2-3):176-191.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An-Na’im A. Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Sharia. — Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 2008. — 324 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">An-Na’im A. Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Sharia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berger P. The Sacred Canopy. Elements of Sociological Theory of Religion. — New York : Anchor Books, 1967. — 229 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berger P. The Sacred Canopy. Elements of Sociological Theory of Religion. New York: Anchor Books; 1967.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borisova A. Right to «religious feelings»: legal aspects of protection of believers // Sententia : European journal of humanities and social sciences. — 2015. — № 2. — P. 122–129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisova A. Right to «religious feelings»: legal aspects of protection of believers. Sententia. European journal of humanities and social sciences. 2015;2:122-129.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jovanovic S. Clericalization in post-Communist countries // URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259221681_Clericalization_in_post-Communist_countries (дата обращения: 12.05.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jovanovic S. Clericalization in post-Communist countries. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259221681_Clericalization_in_post-Communist_countries [cited 2021 May 12].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolesnikov A. Russian ideology after Crimea. — Moscow : Carnegie Moscow Center, 2015. — 27 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikov A. Russian ideology after Crimea. Moscow: Carnegie Moscow Center; 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makarychev A., Yatsyk A. Refracting Europe: Biopolitical conservatism and art protest in Putin’s Russia // Russia’s foreign policy: Ideas, domestic politics, and external relations / eds. D. Cadier, M. Light. — London : Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. — P. 138–156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarychev A, Yatsyk A. Refracting Europe: Biopolitical conservatism and art protest in Putin’s Russia. In: Cadier D, Light M, editors. Russia’s foreign policy: Ideas, domestic politics, and external relations. London: Palgrave Macmillan; 2015. P. 138—156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller A. Perfect opposition: On Putin and Pussy Riot // Public Policy Research. — 2012. — Vol. 19. — № 3. — P. 205–207.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller A. Perfect opposition: On Putin and Pussy Riot. Public Policy Research. 2012;19(3):205-207.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pena-Ruiz H. Qu’est-ce que la laïcité? — Paris : Gallimard, 2003. — 347 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pena-Ruiz H. Qu’est-ce que la laïcité? Paris: Gallimard; 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prozorov S. Pussy Riot and the politics of profanation: Parody, performativity, veridiction // Political Studies. — 2014. — Vol. 62. — № 4. — P. 766–783.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prozorov S. Pussy Riot and the politics of profanation: Parody, performativity, veridiction. Political Studies. 2014;62(4):766-783.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Religion in the Public Sphere: A Comparative Analysis of German, Israeli, American and International Law / W. Brugger, M. Karayanni (eds.). — Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New-York : Springer, 2007. — 467 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brugger W, Karayanni M, editors. Religion in the Public Sphere: A Comparative Analysis of German, Israeli, American and International Law. Berlin, Heidelberg, New-York: Springer; 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharafutdinova G. The Pussy Riot affair and Putin’s démarche from sovereign democracy to sovereign morality // Nationalities Papers. — 2014. — Vol. 42. — № 4. — P. 615–621.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharafutdinova G. The Pussy Riot affair and Putin’s démarche from sovereign democracy to sovereign morality. Nationalities Papers. 2014;42(4):615-621.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith D. India as a Secular State. — London ; Bombay : Princeton University Press, 2015. — 538 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith D. India as a Secular State. London and Bombay: Princeton University Press; 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vukomanovic M. The Serbian Orthodox Church as a political actor in the aftermath of October 5, 2000 // Politics and Religion. — 2008. — Vol. 1. — № 2. — P. 237–269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vukomanovic M. The Serbian Orthodox Church as a political actor in the aftermath of October 5, 2000. Politics and Religion. 2008;1(2):237-269.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zabarah D. The Role of the Orthodox Churches in Defining the Nation in post-Soviet Moldova // Southeast Europe : Journal of Politics and Society = Südosteuropa : Zeitschrift für Politik und Gesellschaft. — 2011. — № 2. — P. 214–237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zabarah D. The Role of the Orthodox Churches in Defining the Nation in post-Soviet Moldova. Southeast Europe. Journal of Politics and Society = Südosteuropa. Zeitschrift für Politik und Gesellschaft. 2011;2:214-237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
