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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lexrussica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Lex russica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lex Russica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-5920</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7869</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSAL</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/1729-5920.2022.183.2.077-089</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lexrussica-2312</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНОМ / GENOME</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENOME / GENOME</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патентоспособность решений в сфере биопринтных технологий: сравнительно-правовой аспект</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Patentability of Solutions in the Field of Bioprint Technologies: A Comparative Law Aspect</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богданов Дмитрий Евгеньевич, доктор юридических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры гражданского права</p><p>Садовая-Кудринская ул., д. 9, г. Москва, 125993 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy E. Bogdanov, Dr. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Civil Law</p><p>ul. Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya, d. 9, Moscow, 125993</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogdanov.de@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный юридический университет имени О. Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kutaﬁn Moscow State Law University (MSAL)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богданов Д.Е., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богданов Д.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogdanov D.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/2312">https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/2312</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены вопросы о целесообразности внесения изменений в гражданское законодательство в связи с развитием аддитивных технологий либо о возможности эффективного применения действующих норм права к регулированию «инновационных» гражданских отношений. Революционным элементом технологии трехмерной печати является оцифровка объектов материального мира, связанная с созданием их цифровых прототипов. Трехмерная цифровая модель (CAD-файл) может быть легко изменена, распространена и воплощена в виде физического объекта посредством его печати на 3D-принтере. Это порождает новые риски нарушения исключительных прав на объекты патентного права. В иностранной научной доктрине развернулась дискуссия относительно возможности квалификации создания и оборота цифровых моделей запатентованных продуктов (изобретений) в качестве прямого (direct infringement) или косвенного (indirect infringement) нарушения исключительного права. В работе сделан вывод, что российское патентное право оказалось не готовым к вызову, порожденному развитием технологии трехмерной печати, поскольку ему неизвестна концепция косвенного нарушения (indirect infringement) исключительного права. В российской правоприменительной практике ограничительно трактуется концепция прямого нарушения (direct infringement) патента.</p><p>Исследован вопрос о допустимости патентования технических решений в сфере биопринтинга. Сделан вывод, что в российском праве отсутствуют принципиальные препятствия для патентования технических решений в сфере биопринтных технологий. Российское законодательство прямо допускает возможность патентования «продуктов природы», а также способов и методов лечения, что отличает российский подход от американского и европейского. В случае нивелирования риска генетической нестабильности плюрипотентных клеток технология создания биопринтных органов человека будет соответствовать требованиям гражданского законодательства, в частности требованиям о соответствии патентуемых технических решений общественным интересам, принципам гуманности и морали.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper is devoted to the issues of advisability of introducing amendments to the civil legislation in connection with the development of additive technologies or the possibility of effective application of the existing rules of law to the regulation of «innovative» civil relations.</p><p>Digitization of objects of the material world associated with the creation of their digital prototypes constitutes a revolutionary element of 3D printing technology. A three-dimensional digital model (CAD file) can be easily modified, distributed and embodied in the form of a physical object by printing it on a 3D printer. This gives rise to new risks of infringement of exclusive rights to objects of patent law. In a foreign doctrine, a discussion has started regarding the possibility of qualifying the creation and circulation of digital models of patented products (inventions) as a direct infringement or indirect infringement of exclusive rights.</p><p>The paper concluded that Russian patent law was not ready for the challenge generated by the development of 3D printing technology, since it was not aware of the concept of indirect infringement of the exclusive right. In Russian law enforcement practice, the concept of direct patent infringement is interpreted in a restrictive manner.</p><p>The question of admissibility of patenting technical solutions in the field of bioprinting has been studied. It is concluded that in Russian law there are no fundamental obstacles to patenting technical solutions in the field of bioprinting technologies. Russian legislation provides for the possibility of patenting «natural products», as well as methods and means of treatment, which distinguishes the Russian approach from the American or European one. If the risk of genetic instability of pluripotent cells is leveled, the technology for creating bioprinted human organs will comply with the requirements of civil law. In particular, it will meet the requirements for the compliance of patented technical solutions with the public interest, the principles of humanity and morality.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биопринтинг</kwd><kwd>биотехнология</kwd><kwd>биоэтика</kwd><kwd>патент</kwd><kwd>изобретение</kwd><kwd>патентоспособность</kwd><kwd>исключительное право</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bioprinting</kwd><kwd>biotechnology</kwd><kwd>bioethics</kwd><kwd>patent</kwd><kwd>invention</kwd><kwd>patentability</kwd><kwd>exclusive right</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 18-29-14027.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-29-14027.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волкова Н. 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