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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lexrussica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Lex russica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lex Russica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-5920</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7869</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSAL</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/1729-5920.2022.193.12.112-129</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lexrussica-2781</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ПРАВО / JUS GENTIUM</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL LAW / JUS GENTIUM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Международные специальные операции: понятие, проблемы международно-правового сопровождения, противодействие вызовам и угрозам безопасности государств</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Special Operations: Concept, Problems of International Legal Support, Countering Challenges and Threats to the Security of States</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркушин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkushin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Меркушин Владимир Владимирович - кандидат юридических наук, доцент, докторант факультета международных отношений БГУ.</p><p>пр. Независимости, д. 4, Минск, 220030</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Merkushin - Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Doctoral student, Faculty of International Relations, Belarusian State University.</p><p>pr. Nezavisimosti, d. 4, Minsk, 220030 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valdshin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>75</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>129</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Меркушин В.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Меркушин В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Merkushin V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/2781">https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/2781</self-uri><abstract><p>Проблема реализации и международно-правового сопровождения специальных операций является закономерной, исторически обусловленной и фактически выходящей из конвенциональной сферы действия международного права. По сути, это формирующийся международный обычай, основанный на практике государств в отстаивании национальных интересов в условиях конкурирующей юрисдикции, легализации ресурсов «теневой» экономики, распространения Даркнета, освоения новых способов и средств ведения войны и ее пропаганды. Транснационализация организованной преступности, ее связи с международным терроризмом, коррупцией, киберпреступностью, попытки строить национальные системы безопасности за счет безопасности других, деструктивная идеология национального доминирования, сопровождаемая «приватизацией» государственного суверенитета негосударственными субъектами, обосновывает практику реализации специальных операций против действующих и вновь создаваемых экзистенциональных вызовов и угроз безопасности государств.</p><p>Институализация некоторых видов международных специальных операций очевидна, базируется на положениях Устава ООН, многосторонних и двусторонних соглашениях, соотносится с деятельностью региональных систем безопасности (Организация Договора о коллективной безопасности — ОДКБ, Организация Североатлантического договора — НАТО, Лига арабских государств — ЛАГ, Организация американских государств — ОАГ, Организация по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе — ОБСЕ и др.). Уникальность специальных операций в каждом конкретном случае, невозможность их абсолютного правового урегулирования, особенно в военно-политической сфере, ставит вопрос о необходимости пересмотра ряда положений Устава ООН как малоэффективных, формировании новых (однополярных) региональных механизмов контроля за их реализацией, активизации специальных научных исследований в данной сфере.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of the implementation of international legal support of special operations is a natural, historically determined and in fact staying beyond the conventional scope of international law. In fact, this is an emerging international custom based on the practice of states in defending national interests in conditions of competing jurisdiction, the legalization of the resources of the «shadow» economy, the spread of the Darknet, the development of new ways and means of warfare and its propaganda. The transnationalization of organized crime, its links with international terrorism, corruption, cybercrime, attempts to build national security systems at the expense of the security of others, the destructive ideology of national domination, accompanied by the «privatization» of state sovereignty by non-state actors, substantiates the practice of implementing special operations against existing and newly created existential challenges and threats to the security of states.</p><p>The institutionalization of some types of international special operations is obvious, based on the provisions of the UN Charter, multilateral and bilateral agreements, correlates with the activities of regional security systems (Collective Security Treaty Organization — CSTO, North Atlantic Treaty Organization — NATO, League of Arab States — LAS, Organization of American States — OAS, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe — OSCE, etc.). The uniqueness of special operations in each specific case, the impossibility of their absolute legal settlement, especially in the military-political sphere, raises the question of the need to revise a number of provisions of the UN Charter as ineffective, the formation of new (unipolar) regional mechanisms for monitoring their implementation, the activation of special scientific research in this area.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международные специальные операции</kwd><kwd>международное право</kwd><kwd>безопасность государств</kwd><kwd>вызовы и угрозы</kwd><kwd>международно-правовое сопровождение</kwd><kwd>обеспечение национальной безопасности</kwd><kwd>суверенитет государства</kwd><kwd>региональная безопасность</kwd><kwd>международная безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>international special operations</kwd><kwd>international law</kwd><kwd>state security</kwd><kwd>challenges and threats</kwd><kwd>international legal support</kwd><kwd>national security</kwd><kwd>state sovereignty</kwd><kwd>regional security</kwd><kwd>international security</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арчаков В. 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