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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lexrussica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Lex russica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lex Russica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-5920</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7869</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSAL</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/1729-5920.2023.205.12.124-133</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lexrussica-3471</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНОМ / GENOME</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENOME / GENOME</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейроэтика, нейронаука и нейрохакинг: правовые основы медицинского эксперимента над terra incognita</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neuroethics, Neuroscience and Neurohacking: Legal Foundations of the Medical Experiment on Terra Incognita</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галюков</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galyukov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галюков Игорь Анатольевич, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры спортивной медицины и физической реабилитации</p><p>д. 1, Орджиникидзе ул., г. Челябинск 45409</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor A. Galyukov, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Sports Medicine and Physical Rehabilitation</p><p>1, Ordzhinikidze St., Chelyabinsk 454091</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">753825777@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галюкова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galyukova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галюкова Мария Игоревна, кандидат юридических наук, доцент, судья</p><p>д. 87, Коммуны ул., г. Челябинск 454091</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria I. Galyukova, Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Judge</p><p>87, Kommuny St., Chelyabinsk 454091</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">753825777@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный университет физической культуры</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State University of Physical Culture</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный районный суд г. Челябинска</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chelyabinsk Central District Court</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>76</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Галюков И.А., Галюкова М.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Галюков И.А., Галюкова М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Galyukov I.A., Galyukova M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/3471">https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/3471</self-uri><abstract><p>Результаты комплексных и междисциплинарных исследований, проведенных на стыке правовых и медицинских наук, позволяют создавать новые точки опоры для развития инновационных технологий. Одним из дискуссионных способов лечения неврологической патологии является нейрохакинг. Экспериментальное вмешательство в головной мозг человека может не только носить позитивный терапевтический характер, но и причинять вред триаде безопасности «человек — общество — государство». Основная цель статьи — осветить последние достижения нейронаук, сосредоточив внимание на недостаточности правового регулирования медицинского эксперимента в Российской Федерации. Обоснование необходимости проведения медицинских исследований на высшей нервной системе возможно только после тщательного анализа клинической ситуации, принятия мер, способствующих предотвращению причинения вреда здоровью конкретного пациента, устранению воздействия на неопределенную группу лиц, а также мотивирования исключительности поставленной задачи, оценки всех правовых и биологических рисков. В статье представлены этапы происхождения и развития нейроэтики в стране, обоснована тесная взаимосвязь нейронаук с биоэтической составляющей, предложена авторская классификация нейрохакинга, обозначены правовые угрозы преступного воздействия на организм человека, приведена аргументация вероятности использования биоинженерных технологий для создания биооружия. Сделанные в работе выводы могут в дальнейшем использоваться в процессе формулирования нормативных правовых актов, регламентирующих вопросы биомедицинского эксперимента, и Положения об экспертном совете по био(нейро)этике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of complex and interdisciplinary research conducted at the intersection of legal and medical sciences allow us to create new points of support for the development of innovative technologies. One of the controversial ways to treat neurological pathology is neurohacking. Experimental intervention in the human brain can not only be of a positive therapeutic nature, but also harm the triad of human—society—state security. The main purpose of the paper is to highlight the latest achievements of neuroscience, focusing on the insufficiency of legal regulation of medical experiment in the Russian Federation. Justification of the need for medical research on the higher nervous system is possible only after a thorough analysis of the clinical situation, taking measures to prevent harm to the health of a particular patient, eliminating the impact on an unspecified group of people, as well as motivating the exclusivity of the task, assessing all legal and biological risks. The paper presents the stages of the origin and development of neuroethics in the country, substantiates the close relationship of neuroscience with the bioethical component, proposes the author’s classification of neurohacking, identifies the legal threats of criminal influence on the human body, and provides an argument for the likelihood of using bioengineering technologies to create bioweapons. The conclusions drawn in the work can be further used in the process of formulating normative legal acts regulating the issues of biomedical experiment and the Provisions on the expert council on bio (neuro) ethics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоэтика</kwd><kwd>нейроэтика</kwd><kwd>медицинский эксперимент</kwd><kwd>нейрохакинг</kwd><kwd>биобезопасность</kwd><kwd>биоправо</kwd><kwd>преступление</kwd><kwd>биоугроза</kwd><kwd>нейронаука</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bioethics</kwd><kwd>neuroethics</kwd><kwd>medical experiment</kwd><kwd>neurohacking</kwd><kwd>biosafety</kwd><kwd>biopravo</kwd><kwd>crime</kwd><kwd>biohazard</kwd><kwd>neuroscience</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бельский И. С. «Нейронаучный поворот» и эксперименты Дж. 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