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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lexrussica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Lex russica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lex Russica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-5920</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7869</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSAL</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/1729-5920.2024.207.2.123-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lexrussica-3581</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ / COMPARATIVE STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPARATIVE STUDIES / COMPARATIVE STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Внедрение электронного коносамента: международный опыт. Часть I</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Implementation of the Electronic Bill of Lading: International Experience. Part I</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шавалеев</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shavaleev</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шавалеев Михаил Валерьевич, кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры гражданского права; консультант </p><p>д. 9, стр. 2, Садовая-Кудринская ул., г. Москва 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Shavaleev, Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Department of Civil Law; Consultant</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mihail_shavaleev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА); Исследовательский центр частного права имени С.С. Алексеева при Президенте РФ</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL); Private Law Research Center named after S.S. Alekseev under the President of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>77</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шавалеев М.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шавалеев М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shavaleev M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/3581">https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/3581</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена компаративному анализу попыток имитации функций коносамента, выданного на бумажном носителе, в виртуальной среде. В статье подчеркивается, что использование бумажной формы коносамента сдерживает потенциал морской перевозки и нивелирует достигнутые технологическим прогрессом успехи в морской торговле. Рассматриваются попытки создания функциональной эквивалентности коносамента на основании создания так называемых клубных систем, в которых юридическая сила коносамента обеспечивается договорными связями: SeaDocs, Bolero, essDOCS. Раскрываются причины, по которым ни одной из клубных систем не удалось полноценно имитировать функциональную эквивалентность коносамента, выпущенного на бумажном носителе. Освещаются попытки внедрения электронного коносамента на основании унификации норм международного права. Для этого рассматриваются Правила для электронных коносаментов, разработанные Международным морским комитетом (Comité Maritime International (CMI)), Конвенция о договорах полностью или частично морской международной перевозки грузов (Роттердамские правила), а также Типовой закон об электронных передаваемых записях, утвержденный ЮНСИТРАЛ (Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR)). Анализируется возможность придания эквивалентного правового статуса коносаменту в электронной форме в национальных правопорядках. Отмечается, что такая возможность большинством национальных правопорядков не признается, что оставляет открытым вопрос признания электронного коносамента, выданного в иных юрисдикциях. Исключение составляют правопорядки Австралии, США и Республики Корея, положения которых и выбраны для компаративного анализа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of attempts to simulate the functions of a bill of lading issued on paper in a virtual environment. The paper emphasizes that the use of the paper form of the bill of lading constrains the potential of maritime transportation and levels the successes achieved by technological progress in maritime trade. The paper emphasizes that the use of the paper form of the bill of lading constrains the potential of maritime transportation and levels the successes achieved by technological progress in maritime trade. The author considers attempts aimed at creating a functional equivalence of the bill of lading based on the creation of so-called club systems in which the legal force of the bill of lading is backed by contractual ties: SeaDocs, Bolero, essDOCS. The reasons why none of the club systems has been able to fully simulate the functional equivalence of a bill of lading issued on paper are revealed. The author highlights attempts to introduce an electronic bill of lading based on the unification of international law. For this purpose, the author studies the Rules for Electronic Bills of Lading developed by the International Maritime Committee (CMI), the Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea (Rotterdam Rules), as well as the Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records approved by UNCITRAL (MLETR). The possibility of giving an equivalent legal status to a bill of lading in electronic form in national legal systems is analyzed. It is noted that this possibility is not recognized by most national legal systems, which leaves open the question of recognizing an electronic bill of lading issued in other jurisdictions. The exception is the legislation of Australia, the USA and the Republic of Korea, the provisions whereof are subject to such comparative analysis. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электронный коносамент</kwd><kwd>LOI</kwd><kwd>SeaDocs</kwd><kwd>Bolero</kwd><kwd>CMI</kwd><kwd>MLETR</kwd><kwd>Роттердамские правила</kwd><kwd>клубные системы</kwd><kwd>функциональная эквивалентность электронного коносамента</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electronic bill of lading</kwd><kwd>LOI</kwd><kwd>SeaDocs</kwd><kwd>Bolero</kwd><kwd>CMI</kwd><kwd>MLETR</kwd><kwd>Rotterdam Rules</kwd><kwd>club systems</kwd><kwd>functional equivalence of electronic bill of lading</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор выражает благодарность А. Г. Архиповой за высказанные при написании статьи критические замечания и предложения. В то же время за любые ошибки и недочеты работы отвечает исключительно автор.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author expresses gratitude to A.G. Arkhipova for the critical comments and suggestions made during the writing of this article. At the same time, the author is solely responsible for any errors and shortcomings of the work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комментарий к Кодексу внутреннего водного транспорта Российской Федерации от 7 марта 2001 г. № 24-ФЗ (постатейный) / Т. А. Диканова [и др.] // СПС «КонсультантПлюс».</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dikanova TA, Zherebtsov AN, Bondarev, et al. Commentary to the Code of Inland Waterway Transport of the Russian Federation dated March 7, 2001 No. 24-FZ (article-by-article). 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