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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lexrussica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Lex russica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lex Russica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-5920</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7869</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSAL</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/1729-5920.2024.211.6.023-034</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lexrussica-3733</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЧАСТНОЕ ПРАВО / JUS PRIVATUM</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRIVATE LAW / JUS PRIVATUM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Системы искусственного интеллекта и внедоговорная гражданско-правовая ответственность: риск-ориентированный подход</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Artificial Intelligence Systems and Non-Contractual Civil Liability: A Risk-Based Approach</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ижаев</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Izhaev</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ижаев Осман Аликович, кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры теоретических и публичноправовых дисциплин Института государства и права </p><p>д. 16, Ленина ул., г. Тюмень 625003</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Osman A. Izhaev, Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Department of Theoretical and Public Law Disciplines, Institute of State and Law</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">izhaev.osman@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутейников</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuteynikov</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кутейников Дмитрий Леонидович, кандидат юридических наук, руководитель лаборатории «Социально-правовые подходы использования искусственного интеллекта и робототехники»</p><p>д. 16, Ленина ул., г. Тюмень 625003</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry L. Kuteynikov, Cand. Sci. (Law), Head of the Laboratory of Socio-Legal Approaches  to the Use of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuteynikov@me.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>77</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ижаев О.А., Кутейников Д.Л., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ижаев О.А., Кутейников Д.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Izhaev O.A., Kuteynikov D.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/3733">https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/3733</self-uri><abstract><p>Согласно законодательству при причинении вреда системами искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) третьим лицам восстановление нарушенных прав осуществляется по правилам строгой или виновной ответственности. Строгая ответственность применяется в случае, если система ИИ признается источником повышенной опасности или имеет недостаток. Для всех остальных случаев используется виновная гражданско-правовая ответственность. Авторами разработан новый подход к внедоговорной гражданскоправовой ответственности для случаев причинения вреда системами ИИ, основанный на учете уровня рисков систем ИИ. В соответствии с ним для систем ИИ, создающих неприемлемый или высокий риск в отношении прав и свобод человека, предлагается применять строгую ответственность их разработчика, а для систем ИИ, относящихся к классификационной группе с низким риском, использовать правила виновной ответственности для восстановления нарушенных прав и компенсации причиненного вреда. В отношении базовых моделей предусматривается использование виновной ответственности, за исключением ситуаций, когда на их основе создаются ИИ-продукты с неприемлемым или высоким риском. Предлагаемый подход может стать альтернативой использованию концепции источника повышенной опасности применительно к системам ИИ и позволит перенести строгую ответственность от владельцев высокорисковых систем ИИ к их разработчикам, которые в большей мере влияют на безопасность и надежность систем ИИ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Under the legislation, when artificial intelligence (AI) systems cause harm to third parties, the restoration of violated rights is carried out according to the rules of strict or culpable liability. Strict liability is applied if the AI system is recognized as a source of increased danger or has a defect. For all other cases, culpable civil liability is used. The authors have developed a new approach to non-contractual civil liability for cases of harm caused by AI systems based on the criterion of the risk level of AI systems. According to this approach, for AI systems that create unacceptable or high risk in relation to human rights and freedoms, it is proposed to apply strict liability to their developer, and for AI systems belonging to the low-risk classification group, the rules of culpable liability to restore violated rights and compensate for the harm caused should be applied. With regard to the basic models, the use of culpable liability is envisaged, except situations where AI products with unacceptable or high risk are created on their basis. The proposed approach can become an alternative to using the concept of a source of increased danger in relation to AI systems and will allow transferring strict responsibility from owners of high-risk AI systems to their developers, who have a greater impact on the safety and reliability of AI systems. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>системы ИИ</kwd><kwd>базовые модели</kwd><kwd>строгая ответственность</kwd><kwd>виновная ответственность</kwd><kwd>источники повышенной опасности</kwd><kwd>риск-подход</kwd><kwd>непрозрачность</kwd><kwd>автономность</kwd><kwd>вред</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>AI systems</kwd><kwd>basic models</kwd><kwd>strict liability</kwd><kwd>culpable liability</kwd><kwd>sources of increased danger</kwd><kwd>risk approach</kwd><kwd>opacity</kwd><kwd>autonomy</kwd><kwd>harm</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агибалова Е. 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