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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lexrussica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Lex russica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lex Russica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-5920</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7869</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSAL</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/1729-5920.2024.215.10.077-092</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lexrussica-3974</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУКИ КРИМИНАЛЬНОГО ЦИКЛА / JUS CRIMINALE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES / JUS CRIMINALE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Отсутствие согласия на половое сношение и вина субъекта изнасилования по уголовному праву США</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lack of Consent to Sexual Intercourse and the Fault of the Rape Survivor under U.S. Criminal Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагорная</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagornaya</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нагорная Ирина Игоревна, кандидат юридических наук, доцент департамента уголовного права, процесса и криминалистики Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики» д. 20, Мясницкая ул., г. Москва 101000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina I. Nagornaya, Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law, Procedure and Criminalistics, National Research University «Higher School of Economics», Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irnag@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>77</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нагорная И.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нагорная И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nagornaya I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/3974">https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/3974</self-uri><abstract><p>Наибольшее внимание отсутствию согласия на половое сношение как обязательному признаку изнасилования уделяется в уголовном праве США. Этот вопрос тесно связан с основными изменениями в законодательстве штатов США, которые произошли в результате отхода от традиционного понимания изнасилования как преступления. Существует три подхода к трактовке термина «согласие» в доктрине и законодательстве — это такие модели согласия, как «нет значит нет», «да значит да» и модель обсуждения. Каждая модель накладывает особенности на процесс установления вины субъекта и его возможной ошибки в согласии. Трудности возникают при нахождении субъекта и потерпевшей в состоянии опьянения. На основании опыта США сформулированы рекомендации, полезные для российского законодателя и правоприменителя. Закреплять в уголовном законе какую-либо модель согласия на половое сношение, а также отказываться от признаков применения насилия, угрозы его применения или использования беспомощного состояния потерпевшей не следует. Требуется разграничить домогательство и преодоление воли потерпевшей, дать оценку молчанию потерпевшей, ее словам и поступкам, выяснив, не было ли искажено ее волеизъявление. Женщина имеет право отозвать свое согласие после начала полового сношения, в таком случае при наличии иных признаков состава преступления продолжение полового сношения против воли потерпевшей квалифицируется как изнасилование.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The greatest attention to the lack of consent to sexual intercourse as a mandatory feature of rape is paid under the US criminal law. This issue is closely related to the main changes in US state legislation that have occurred as a result of a departure from the traditional understanding of rape as a crime. There are three approaches to understanding the term «consent» in doctrine and legislation, namely, «no means no», «yes means yes» and a negotiation model. Each model imposes features on the process of establishing the fault of the subject and the rapist’s possible error in consent. Difficulties arise when the subject and the victim are intoxicated. Based on the experience of the United States, recommendations are formulated that are useful for the Russian legislator and law enforcement officer. It is not necessary to consolidate any model of consent to sexual intercourse in the criminal law, as well as to abandon signs of the use of violence, the threat of its use or the use of the helpless state of the victim. It is required to distinguish harassment and overcoming the will of the victim, to assess the silence of the victim, victim’s words and actions, finding out whether the victim’s will was distorted. A woman has the right to withdraw her consent after sexual intercourse starts, in which case, if there are other signs of a crime, the   continuation of sexual intercourse against the will of the victim is qualified as rape.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>изнасилование</kwd><kwd>согласие на половое сношение</kwd><kwd>модели согласия</kwd><kwd>вина</kwd><kwd>применение насилия</kwd><kwd>ошибка в согласии</kwd><kwd>уголовное право США</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rape</kwd><kwd>consent to sexual intercourse</kwd><kwd>consent models</kwd><kwd>fault</kwd><kwd>use of violence</kwd><kwd>error in consent</kwd><kwd>US criminal law</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеев В. А., Авдеева Е. В. Преступления против половой неприкосновенности и половой свободы личности в России. 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