lexrussicaLex russicaLex Russica1729-59202686-7869MSAL10.17803/1729-5920.2026.231.2.024-038lexrussica-5081Research ArticleЧАСТНОЕ ПРАВО / JUS PRIVATUMPRIVATE LAW / JUS PRIVATUMВоплощенные виртуальные агенты: прогнозируемое воздействие на трудовые правоотношенияEmbodied Virtual Agents: Expected Impact of Labor RelationsФилиповаИ. А.FilipovaI. A.

Филипова Ирина Анатольевна, кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры трудового и экологического права; руководитель Центрально-Азиатского исследовательского центра регулирования искусственного интеллекта

г. Нижний Новгород

д. 15, Университетский б-р, г. Самарканд 140104, Республика Узбекистан

Irina A. Filipova, Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Labor and Environmental Law; Head of the Central Asian Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Regulation

Nizhny Novgorod

 Samarkand, Republic of Uzbekistan

irinafilipova@yandex.ruНижегородский государственный университет имени Н.И. Лобачевского; Самаркандский государственный университет имени Ш. РашидоваРоссияLobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod; Samarkand State UniversityRussian Federation2026080320267922438Copyright © Филипова И.А., 20262026Филипова И.А.Filipova I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/5081

Включение искусственного интеллекта в сферу труда влияет на отношения между работником и работодателем, как правило усиливая последнего и осложняя положение первого. До сих пор внедрение искусственного интеллекта в основном ограничивалось использованием приложений с его элементами, которые обладают относительно небольшим функционалом, а также промышленной и сервисной робототехникой, но к концу 2024 г. компании — мировые технологические лидеры объявили об ожидаемом появлении в течение 2025 г. виртуальных сотрудников. Ими могут стать воплощенные виртуальные агенты — автономные интеллектуальные системы, способные выполнять широкий и постоянно увеличивающийся за счет приобретаемого ими опыта круг задач, включая разнообразные задачи творческого характера, ранее осуществлявшиеся людьми. С развитием генеративного искусственного интеллекта воплощенные виртуальные агенты выходят за пределы области компьютерных игр и виртуальных образовательных сред, где они уже распространены. Характеристики, которыми обладают виртуальные сотрудники, способствуют нарушению баланса в отношениях «работник — работодатель». Трудовое законодательство должно учитывать происходящие изменения. Правоведы уже поднимают вопросы о том, как совместить новые возможности работодателей с социально-трудовыми правами работников, не допустив утраты баланса.

The integration of artificial intelligence into the workplace is reshaping the employee-employer relationship, generally strengthening employers’ positions and complicating positions of workers. Until recently, AI deployment has been largely confined to applications with limited autonomy and to industrial and service robotics. By late 2024, however, leading technology firms announced the expected introduction of «virtual employees» in 2025, with the embodied virtual agents defined as autonomous intelligent systems capable of performing an expanding array of tasks, including many creative functions previously carried out by humans. Fueled by advances in generative AI, these agents are moving beyond gaming and virtual education into core economic activities. The capabilities of virtual employees risk exacerbating existing imbalances in labor relations and raise urgent questions for labor law. The study examines the legal challenges posed by embodied virtual agents and evaluates regulatory approaches to reconcile employers’ technological opportunities with the protection of workers’ social and labor rights.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.