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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lexrussica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Lex russica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lex Russica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-5920</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7869</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSAL</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/1729-5920.2026.235.6.044-056</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lexrussica-5361</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПУБЛИЧНОЕ ПРАВО / JUS PUBLICUM</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PUBLIC LAW / JUS PUBLICUM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Правовые риски применения синтетических данных в деятельности органов исполнительной власти</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Legal Risks of the Use of Synthetic Data in the Activities of Executive Authorities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мартынов Алексей Владимирович, доктор юридических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, заведующий кафедрой административного и финансового права юридического факультета</p><p>д. 23, пр. Гагарина, г. Нижний Новгород 603022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Martynov, Dr. Sci. (Law), Professor, Senior Researcher, Head of the Department of Administrative and Financial Law, Faculty of Law</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">docpred@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головизнина</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goloviznina</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Головизнина Юлия Игоревна, кандидат юридических наук, младший научный сотрудник, старший преподаватель кафедры административного и финансового права юридического факультета</p><p>д. 23, пр. Гагарина, г. Нижний Новгород 603022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia I. Goloviznina, Cand. Sci. (Law), Junior Researcher, Senior Lecturer, Department of Administrative and Financial Law, Faculty of Law</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jlia_goloviznina_96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синьков</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinkov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синьков Иван Андреевич, кандидат юридических наук, младший научный сотрудник, старший преподаватель кафедры административного и финансового права юридического факультета</p><p>д. 23, пр. Гагарина, г. Нижний Новгород 603022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Sinkov, Cand. Sci. (Law), Junior Researcher, Senior Lecturer, Department of Administrative and Financial Law, Faculty of Law</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">welshwizard_11@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Нижегородский государственный университет имени Н.И. Лобачевского</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>79</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мартынов А.В., Головизнина Ю.И., Синьков И.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мартынов А.В., Головизнина Ю.И., Синьков И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Martynov A.V., Goloviznina Y.I., Sinkov I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/5361">https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/5361</self-uri><abstract><p>Появление синтетических данных — важнейший этап развития генеративного искусственного интеллекта. Синтетические данные — это стремительно развивающаяся сфера, которая включает в себя как решение многих проблем, порожденных нехваткой данных, так и потенциальные риски технического, организационного, экономического характера. Особое значение приобретают правовые риски, связанные с использованием синтетических данных в деятельности органов исполнительной власти, поскольку они обеспечивают реализацию государственной политики в социально значимых сферах жизни общества, защиту прав и свобод граждан, а также национальную и информационную безопасность. В исследовании исходя из анализа зарубежной и отечественной научной литературы сформулированы правовые риски применения синтетических данных в деятельности органов исполнительной власти. Выявлено, что к таким рискам относятся: уклонение должностных лиц от ответственности в случае принятия решения на основе некачественных синтетических данных; фальсификация документов при помощи синтетических данных; дезинформация граждан; нарушение законодательства о защите информации. Оптимальный способ снижения рисков — нормативное правовое регулирование порядка генерации и использования синтетических данных в деятельности органов исполнительной власти путем установления правового режима синтетических данных с обязательным определением мер ответственности для должностных лиц, допущенных к работе с такими данными.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The emergence of synthetic data marks a significant stage in the development of generative artificial intelligence. Synthetic data is a rapidly evolving field that offers both solutions to a wide range of problems associated with data scarcity and potential technical, organizational, and economic risks. Of particular importance are the legal risks associated with the use of synthetic data in the activities of executive authorities, since such bodies are responsible for implementing public policy in socially significant areas, protecting individual rights and freedoms, and safeguarding national and information security. Based on an analysis of both foreign and Russian scholarly literature, the study identifies the principal legal risks arising from the use of synthetic data in the work of executive authorities. These risks include the evasion of official accountability where decisions are made on the basis of «low-quality» synthetic data; the falsification of documents through the use of synthetic data; the dissemination of misinformation to the public; and violations of information protection legislation. The article argues that the principal means of mitigating these risks lies in the adoption of a regulatory framework governing the generation and use of synthetic data in the activities of executive authorities through the establishment of a legal regime for synthetic data, including the mandatory specification of liability measures applicable to officials authorized to work with such data.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синтетические данные</kwd><kwd>правовые риски</kwd><kwd>правовое регулирование</kwd><kwd>генеративный искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>нейросети</kwd><kwd>орган исполнительной власти</kwd><kwd>публичное управление</kwd><kwd>национальная безопасность</kwd><kwd>информационная безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>synthetic data</kwd><kwd>legal risks</kwd><kwd>legal regulation</kwd><kwd>generative artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>executive authority</kwd><kwd>public management</kwd><kwd>national security</kwd><kwd>information security</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 25-28-00491, https://rscf.ru/project/25-28-00491/.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 25-28-00491), https://rscf.ru/project/25-28-00491/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев А. 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