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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">lexrussica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Lex russica</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lex Russica</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1729-5920</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-7869</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MSAL</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/1729-5920.2026.238.9.033-047</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">lexrussica-5635</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПУБЛИЧНОЕ ПРАВО / JUS PUBLICUM</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PUBLIC LAW / JUS PUBLICUM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Электронные доказательства в гражданском процессе США</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Electronic Evidence in U.S. Civil Procedure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Князев Дмитрий Владимирович, кандидат юридических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой гражданского процессуального права</p><p>д. 4, ул. Обруб, г. Томск 634050</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy V. Knyazev, Cand. Sci. (Law), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Civil Procedure Law</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kdv1979@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Западно-Сибирский филиал Российского государственного университета правосудия имени В.М. Лебедева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>West Siberian Branch of the Russian State University of Justice named after V.M. Lebedev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>79</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Князев Д.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Князев Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Knyazev D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/5635">https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/5635</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен анализ практики обращения с электронными доказательствами (ESI) в гражданском процессе США. Выделены ключевые элементы их раскрытия: выявление, хранение, обработка, анализ и передача данных. Обоснована критическая роль режима litigation hold и метаданных в обеспечении подлинности и целостности доказательств. Показано, что неисполнение обязанностей по сохранению ESI влечет серьезные процессуальные санкции. Особое внимание уделено технологии автоматизированного анализа данных (TAR), трансформирующей подход к рецензированию документов: продемонстрирована как ее эффективность, так и уязвимость к манипуляциям (в частности, через изменение обучающего набора). Отмечено, что использование TAR требует высокой технической подготовки юристов и вызывает споры о допустимости раскрытия алгоритмов. Подчеркнута необходимость предварительной договоренности сторон по вопросам форматов передачи ESI и защиты конфиденциальной информации. В статье критически оценивается высокая стоимость e-discovery и указывается на риски, связанные с неравенством доступа к технологиям. Анализ американского опыта раскрывает потенциал и ограничения цифровых инструментов доказывания и может служить ориентиром для реформирования аналогичных процедур в российском гражданском процессе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper analyses handling electronic evidence, or electronically stored information (ESI), in U.S. civil procedure. The author describes the principal stages of e-discovery: identification, preservation, processing, reviewing, and data transferring. The paper substantiates critical role of litigation holds and metadata in ensuring the authenticity and integrity of evidence. It demonstrates that a failure to comply with ESI preservation obligations may result in serious procedural sanctions. Particular attention is devoted to technology-assisted review (TAR) that has transformed document-review practices. The author examines both its efficiency and its susceptibility to manipulation, including through modifications to the training dataset. It is noted that the use of TAR requires lawyers to possess substantial technical expertise and gives rise to disputes concerning the disclosure of algorithms. The paper emphasizes the need for the parties to reach prior agreement on ESI-production formats and the protection of confidential information. It critically assesses the high cost of e-discovery and identifies risks associated with unequal access to relevant technologies. The analysis of U.S. practice reveals both the potential and the limitations of digital evidentiary tools and may serve as a reference point for reforming analogous procedures in Russian civil procedure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гражданский процесс США</kwd><kwd>раскрытие доказательств</kwd><kwd>электронные доказательства</kwd><kwd>цифровизация</kwd><kwd>метаданные</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>United States Civil Procedure</kwd><kwd>disclosure of evidence</kwd><kwd>electronic evidence</kwd><kwd>digitalization</kwd><kwd>metadata</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Князев Д. В. Оплата юридических услуг в гражданском процессе США: гонорар успеха, американское правило и их влияние на судебную нагрузку // Вестник СПбГУ. Право. 2021. Т. 12. 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