lexrussicaLex russicaLex Russica1729-59202686-7869MSAL10.17803/1729-5920.2019.150.5.072-090lexrussica-767Research ArticleМЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ПРАВО / JUS GENTIUMINTERNATIONAL LAW / JUS GENTIUMПравовая природа международных энергетических объединений в современном мире The Legal Nature of International Energy Associations in the Modern WorldГуласарянА. С.GulasaryanA. S.

Гуласарян Артур Сергеевич, кандидат юридических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры международного права 

125993, г. Москва, ул. Садовая-Кудринская, д. 9

 

Gulasaryan Artur Sergeevich, PhD in Law, Senior Lecturer of the Department of International Law

125993, Russia, Moscow, ul. Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya, d. 9

intlaw777@gmail.comМосковский государственный юридический университет имени О.Е. КутафинаKutafin Moscow State Law University201931052019057290Copyright © Гуласарян А.С., 20192019Гуласарян А.С.Gulasaryan A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://lexrussica.msal.ru/jour/article/view/767

В статье впервые в российской науке международного права проводится комплексный анализ правовой природы международных энергетических объединений, подчеркивается их роль в международном управлении в сфере энергетики.

Международные объединения в сфере энергетики сгруппированы в четыре категории в зависимости от их правовой природы: 1) объединения, которые являются публичными международными организациями (МАГАТЭ; Евратом/ЕСАЭ; ОПЕК; ЭЭС СНГ; КЭХ; ЭС; ФСЭГ; ИРЕНА); 2) объединение, являющееся органом публичной международной организации (МЭА ОЭСР); 3) объединения, которые могут рассматриваться в качестве международных неправительственных (транснациональных) организаций (МИРЭС; МГС; МНС); 4) объединения, которые могут быть отнесены к неформальным международным объединениям (G7/G8; G20; МЭФ). Отмечается, что в международном энергетическом управлении участвуют не только публичные международные организации, но и неправосубъектные по международному праву акторы международных отношений — международные неправительственные (транснациональные) организации и неформальные международные объединения.

В целях определения правовой природы международных энергетических объединений рассматриваются учредительные акты, резолюции (решения), соглашения о штаб-квартире, соглашения о привилегиях и об иммунитетах международных организаций, международные договоры, а также современная доктрина международного права.

Положения, обобщения и выводы, которые содержатся в статье, могут быть использованы при выработке стратегий взаимодействия Российской Федерации с указанными выше объединениями в сфере энергетики.

For the first time in the Russian science of international law the author of the paper performs a comprehensive analysis of the legal nature of international energy associations, their role in international administration in the sphere of energy.

International energy associations are grouped into four categories depending on their legal nature: 1) associations in the form of public international organizations (IAEA; Eurato/ESAE; OPEC; EES CIS; CECH; EC; FEG; IRENA);

2) associations functioning as a body of a public international organization (IEA OECD); 3) associations that can be considered as international non-governmental (transnational) organizations (WEC, IGU, IOC), (4) associations that can be classified as informal international associations (G7/G8; G20; IEF). It is noted that the international energy administration involves not only public international organizations, but also non-legal actors of international relations— international non-governmental(transnational) organizations and informal international associations. In order to determine the legal nature of international energy associations, the author considers constituent instruments, resolutions (decisions), headquarters agreements, agreements regarding privileges and immunities of international organizations, treaties and the contemporary doctrine of international law.

Provisions, generalizations and conclusions provided for in the article, can be used for the development of strategies of interaction of the Russian Federation with the above-mentioned associations in the field of energy.

международное правомеждународные организациинеправительственные организациинеформальные объединенияорганыправосубъектностьправовой статусэнергетикаадминистративное правоуправлениеinternational lawinternational organizationsnon-governmental organizationsinformal associationsbodieslegal personalitylegal statusenergyadministrative lawadministrationРФФИ (проект № 18-311-00200)RFBR (project No. 18-311-00200)ReferencesВельяминов Г. М. Международное право: опыты. — М. : Статут, 2015. — 1005 c.Velyaminov G. M. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo: opyty [International Law: Experiments]. Moscow, Statute Publ., 2015. 1005 p. (In Russian)Лукашук И. И. Международное право. Общая часть. — М. : Волтерс Клувер, 2008. — 432 c.Lukashuk I. I. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo. obshchaya chast [International Law. The General Part]. Moscow, Volters Kluver Publ., 2008. 432 p. (In Russian)Новикова С. Н. Международно-правовые проблемы деятельности Электроэнергетического Совета Содружества Независимых Государств : дис. ... канд. юрид. наук. — М., 2006. — 193 c.Novikova S. N. Mezhdunarodno-pravovye problemy deyatelnosti elektroenergeticheskogo soveta sodruzhestva nezavisimykh gosudarstv : dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk [International Legal Problems of the Electricity Council of the Commonwealth of Independent States: PhD Thesis]. Moscow,. 2006. 193 p. (In Russian)Новикова С. Международно-правовой статус ЭЭС СНГ // Научно-аналитический журнал Обозреватель — Observer. — 2006. — № 10. — C. 72—78.Novikova S. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoy status EES SNG [International Law Status of the EES CIS]. Observer. 2006. No. 10. P. 72 — 78. (IN Russian)Barker J. C., Grant J. P. Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law. — New York : Oxford University Press, 2009. — 691 p.Barker J. C., Grant J. P. Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law. — New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 691 p.Ben-Ari R. H. The Legal Status of International Non-Governmental Organizations: Analysis of Past and Present Initiatives (1912—2012). — Leiden — Boston : Brill — Nijhoff, 2013. — 209 p.Ben-Ari R. H. The Legal Status of International Non-Governmental Organizations: Analysis of Past and Present Intiatives (1912 — 2012). Brill — Nijhoff, 2013. 209 p.Brownlie I. Principles of Public International Law. — Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1998. — 743 p.Brownlie I. Principles of Public International Law. — Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. — 743 p.Cassese S. (ed.). Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law. — Cheltenham — Northampton : Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016. — 595 p.Cassese S. (ed.). Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law. — Cheltenham — Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016. — 595 p.De Jong S., Wouters J. Institutional Actors in International Energy Law // Talus K. (ed.). Research Handbook on International Energy Law. — Cheltenham — Northampton : Edward Elgar, 2014. — Pp. 18—43..10. De Jong S., Wouters J. Institutional Actors in International Energy Law. Talus K. (ed.). Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law. Cheltenham — Northampton: Edward Elgar, 2014. P. 18 — 43.Di Stasi A. About Soft International Organizations: An Open Question // Virzo R., Ingravallo I. (eds.). Evolutions in the Law of International Organizations. — Leiden — Boston : Brill — Nijhoff, 2015. — Pp. 44—69.Di Stasi A. About Soft International Organizations: An Open Question. Virzo R., Ingravallo I. (eds.). Evolutions in the Law of International Organizations. Leiden — Boston Brill — Nijhoff, 2015. P. 44 — 69.Evans M. D. International Law. — Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2003. — 841 p.Evans M. D. International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. 841 p.Gazzini T. The Relationship between International Legal Personality and the Autonomy of International Organizations // Collins R., White N. D. (eds.). International Organizations and the Idea of Autonomy: Institutional Independence in the International Legal Order. — London — New York : Routledge, 2011. — Pp. 196—212.Gazzini T. The Relationship between International Legal Personality and the Autonomy of International Organizations. Collins R., White N. D. (eds.). International Organizations and the Idea of Autonomy: Institutional Independence in the International Legal Order. London — New York: Routledge, 2011. P . 196 — 212.Haghighi S. S. Energy Security: The External Legal Relations of the European Union with Major Oiland GasSupplying Countries. — Oxford and Portland : Hart Publishing, 2007. — 480 p.. Haghighi S. S. Energy Security: The External Legal Relations of the European Union with Major Oiland GasSupplying Countries. — Oxford and Portland: Hart Publishing, 2007. — 480 p.Henley P. H., Blokker N. M. The Group of 20: a Short Legal Anatomy from the Perspective of International Institutional Law // Melbourne Journal of International Law. —2013. — Vol. 14. — Pp. 1—58.Henley P. H., Blokker N. M. The Group of 20: a Short Legal Anatomy from the Perspective of International Institutional Law // Melbourne Journal of International Law. — 2013. Vol. 14. P. 1 — 58.Higgins R. The Legal Consequences for Member States of the Non-Fulfilment by International Organizations of their Obligations toward Third Parties, Preliminary Expose and Draft Questionnaire // Annuaire de’l Institut de Droit International. — 1995. — Vol. 66-I. — Pp. 249—279.Higgins R. The Legal Consequences for Member States of the Non-Fulfilment by International Organizations of their Obligations towards Third Parties, Preliminary Expose and Draft Questionnaire // Annuaire de’l Institut de Droit International. 1995. Vol. 66-I. Pp. 249 — 279.Kellow A., Murphy-Gregory (eds.). Handbook of Research on NGOs. — Cheltenham — Northampton : Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018. — 488 p.Kellow A., Murphy-Gregory (eds.). Handbook of Research on NGOs. — Cheltenham — Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016. — 595 p.Kingsbury B., Casini L. Global Administrative Law Dimensions of International Organizations Law // International Organizations Law Abstract. — 2009. — Vol. 6. — Pp. 319—358.Kingsbury B., Casini L. Global Administrative Law Dimensions of International Organizations Law // International Organizations Law Abstract. 2009. Vol. 6. Pp. 319 — 358.Kingsbury B., Krisch N., Stewart R. B. The Emergence of Global Administrative Law // Law and Contemporary Problems. — 2005. — Vol. 68. — Pp. 15—61.Kingsbury B., Krisch N., Stewart R. B. The Emergence of Global Administrative Law // Law and Contemporary Problems. 2005. Vol. 68. Pp. 15 — 61.Klabbers J. An Introduction to International Institutional Law. — Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2002. — 438 p.Klabbers J. An Introduction to International Institutional Law. — Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 438 p.Krisch N., Kingsbury B. Introduction: Global Governance and Global Administrative Law in the International Legal Order // The European Journal of International Law. — 2016. — Vol. 17. — P. 1—13.Krisch N., Kingsbury B. Introduction: Global Governance and Global Administrative Law in the International Legal Order. The European Journal of International Law. — 2016. — Vol. 17. — P. 1 — 13.Leal-Arcas R., Filis A., Abu Gosh E. S. International Energy Governance: Selected Legal Issues. Cheltenham — Northampton : Edward Elgar, 2014. — 554 p.Leal-Arcas R., Filis A., Abu Gosh E. S. International Energy Governance: Selected Legal Issues. Cheltenham — Northampton: Edward Elgar, 2014. — 554 p.Martini C. States’ Control over New International Organization // Global Jurist Advances. — 2006. — Vol. 6. — P. 1—25.Martini C. States’ Control over New International Organization. Global Jurist Advances. — 2006. — Vol. 6. — P. 1 — 25.Meyer T. The Architecture of International Energy Governance // Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law. — 2012. — Vol. 106. — P. 389—394.Meyer T. The Architecture of International Energy Governance. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law. 2012. Vol. 106. P. 389 — 394.Pauwelyan J., Wessel R., Wouters J. (eds.). Informal International Lawmaking. — Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012. — 549 p.Pauwelyan J., Wessel R., Wouters J. (eds.). Informal International Lawmaking. — Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 549 p.Peters A., Koechlin L., Zinkernagel G. F. Non-State Actors as Standard Setters: Framing the Issue in an Interdisciplinary Fashion // Peters A., Koechlin L., Forster T., Zinkernagel G. F. (eds.). Non-State Actors as Standard Setters. — Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2009. — Pp. 1—32.Peters A., Koechlin L., Zinkernagel G. F. Non-State Actors as Standard Setters: Framing the Issue in an Interdisciplinary Fashion. Peters A., Koechlin L., Forster T., Zinkernagel G. F. (eds.). Non-State Actors as Standard Setters: Cambridge : Camridge University Press, 2009. P. 1 — 32.Rama-Montaldo M. International Legal Personality and Implied Powers of International Organizations // British Yearbook of International Law. — 1970. — Vol. 44. — Pp. 111—155.Rama-Montaldo M. International Legal Personality and Implied Powers of International Organizations. British Yearbook of International Law. 1970. Vol. 44. P. 111 — 155.Rechenberg H. H.-K. Non-Governmental Organizations // Bernhardt R. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Public International Law. — Vol. 9. — North-Holland — Amsterdam — New York — Oxford — Tokyo : Elsever Science Publishers, 1986. — Pp. 276—282.Rechenberg H. H.-K. Non-Governmental Organiztions. Bernhardt R. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Vol. 9. North-Holland — Amsterdam — New York — Oxford — Tokyo: Elsever Science Publishers, 1986. Pp. 276 — 282.Richard S. History of the IEA: The First 20 Years. — Paris : OECD/IEA, 1994. — Vol. I : Origins and Structure. — 425 p.Richard S. History of the IEA: The First 20 Years. Paris: OECD/IEA, 1994. Vol. I: Origins and Structure. 425 p.Sands P., Klein P. (eds.). Bowett’s Law of International Institutions. — London : Sweet & Maxwell, 2009. — 619 p.Sands P., Klein P. (eds.). Bowett’s Law of International Institutions. — London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2009. 619 p.Seyersted F. International Personality of Intergovernmental Organizations: Do their Capacities really depend upon their Constitutions? // Indian Journal of International Law. — 1964. — Vol. 4. — Pp. 1—74.Seyersted F. International Personality of Intergovernmental Organizations: Do their Capacities really depend on their Constitutions? Indian Journal of International Law. 1964. Vol. 4. P. 1 — 74.Schermers H. G., Blokker N. M. International Institutional Law: Unity within Diversity. — Leiden — Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2011. — 1273 p.Schermers H. G., Blokker N. M. International Institutional Law: Unity within Diversity. — Leiden-Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2011. 1273 p.Schweisfurth T. Die juristiche Mutation der KSZE: Eine internationale Organisation in statu nascendi // Beyerlin U., Bothe M., Hofmann R., Petersmann E.-U. (Hrsg.). Recht zwischen Umbruch und Bewahrung: Festschrift für Rudolf Bernhardt. — Berlin : Springer, 1995. — S. 213—228.Schweisfurth T. Die juristiche Mutation der KSZE: Eine internationale Organisation in statu nascendi. Beyerlin U., Bothe M., Hofmann R., Petersmann E.-U. (Hrsg.). $ Recht zwischen Umbruch und Bewahrung: Festschrift fur Rudolf Bernhardt. — Berlin: Springer, 1995. S. 213 — 228.Skjelsbaek K. The Growth of International Nongovernmental Organization in the Twentieth Century // International Organization. — 1971. — Vol. 25. — Pp. 420—442.Skjelsbaek K. The Growth of International Nongthe Organization in the Twentieth Century // International Organization. 1971. Vol. 25. P. 420 — 442.Szasz P. The Complexification of the United Nations System // Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law. — 1999. — Vol. 3. — Pp. 1—57.Szasz P. The Complexification of the United Nations System. Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law. 1999. Vol. 3. P. 1 — 57.Voitovich S. A. International Economic Organizations in the International Legal Process. — Dordrecht — Boston — London : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995. — 224 p.Voitovich S. A. International Economic Organizations in the International Legal Process. — Dordrecht — Boston — London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995. 224 p.Wallendahl A., Klabbers J. (eds.). Research Handbook on the Law of International Organizations. — Cheltenham — Northampton : Edward Elgar, 2011. — 530 p.Wallendahl A., Klabbers J. (eds.). Research Handbook on the Law of International Organizations. — Cheltenham — Northampton: Edward Elgar, 2014. 554 p.White N. D. The Law of International Organisations. — Manchester, 2005. — 256 p.White N. D. The Law of International Organisations. Manchester, 2005. 256 p.Willetts P. Non-Governmental Organizations in World Politics: The Construction of Global Governance. — London — New York : Routledge, 2011. — 200 p.Willetts P. Non-Governmental Organizations in World Politics: The Construction of Global Governance. — London — New York: Routledge, 2011. 200 p.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.