Preview

Lex Russica

Advanced search

Modern Rule-Making as the Basis for the Formation of a New Theory of Criminalization

https://doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2023.194.1.110-125

Abstract

Modern society is undergoing a period of transformation that affects all fundamental spheres, including the sphere of criminal policy and criminal law. The state of instability and uncertainty of social development is reflected, among other things, in the fact that the practice of current rule-making in the field of constructing criminal law prohibitions often demonstrates a clear contradiction to the rules and principles of criminalization that have developed in the domestic legal doctrine at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. This phenomenon receives a predominantly negative assessment in the scientific literature. Without denying the substantive criticism, at the same time, it is necessary to raise the question that the steady nature of deviations from the usual standard rules of criminalization indicates the gradual formation of a new theory of criminalization, the contours and content of which have not yet been recognized by science to the proper extent. Based on the study of the materials of the legislative process, the authors substantiate the idea that the modern practice of criminalization is based on a coherent system of doctrinal ideas that go back to the theory of psychological coercion of criminal punishment, the theory of criminal education of the individual, the theory of legal moralism, the theory of preventive criminalization and the theory of social constructivism. In their unique configuration, these theoretical concepts constitute a coherent doctrine that allows for the free, unrestricted construction of criminal law prohibitions in order to ensure the safety of the process of social transformation from any minimum possible and potential threats. It is possible to achieve that by means of the formation and maintenance through the threat of criminal punishment of the necessary moral status of individuals and the moral solidarity of society based on the values that are meaning-forming actors of social transformation.

About the Authors

Yu. E. Pudovochkin
Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
Russian Federation

Yuriy E. Pudovochkin, Dr. Sci. (Law), Professor, Professor, Department of Criminal Law

ul. Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya, d. 9, Moscow, 125993



M. M. Babaev
All-Russian Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Russian Federation

Mikhail M. Babaev, Dr. Sci. (Law), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Chief Researcher

Povarskaya ul., d. 25, str. 1, Moscow, 121069



References

1. Babaev MM, Pudovochkin YuE. Ocherki kriminalnoy riskologii [Essays on criminal riskology]. Moscow: Yurlitinform Pub.; 2021. (In Russ.).

2. Beccaria Ch. O prestupleniyakh i nakazaniyakh [About crimes and punishments]. Moscow: Infra-M Publ.; 2004. (In Russ.).

3. Boskholov SS, Maksimov SV. Ugolovno-pravovaya politika: opyt, problemy i puti sovershenstvovaniya [Criminal law policy: Experience, problems and ways of improvement]. Prolog: zhurnal o prave = Prologue: Law Journal. 2018;3:8-18. (In Russ.).

4. Vladimirov LE. Ugolovnyy zakonodatel kak vospitatel naroda [Criminal legislator as educator of the people]. Moscow: T-vo skoropechat. A.A. Levinson; 1903. (In Russ.).

5. Gurinskaya AL. Anglo-amerikanskaya model preduprezhdeniya prestupnosti: kriticheskiy analiz [The Anglo-American model of crime prevention: A critical analysis]. St. Petersburg: A.I. Herzen State Pedagogical University Publ.; 2018. (In Russ.).

6. Ivanov NG. Kriminalizatsiya opasnogo sostoyaniya lichnosti v sovremennom UK RF [Criminalization of a dangerous state of personality in the modern Criminal Code of the Russian Federation]. Rossiyskaya yustitsiya [Russian Justitia]. 2017;1:17-20. (In Russ.).

7. Kiselyov AD. Psikhologicheskoe osnovanie ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti [Psychological basis of criminal liability]. Kharkov: Printing business Publ.; 1903. (In Russ.).

8. Kozachenko IYa, Sergeeev DN. Novaya kriminalizatsiya: filosofsko-yuridicheskiy putevoditel po miru prestupnogo i neprestupnogo [New criminalization: A philosophical and legal guide to the world of the criminal and the unapproachable]. Ekaterinburg: Sapienta Publ.; 2020. (In Russ.).

9. Kostyleva OV. Kriminalizatsiya kak metod ugolovno-pravovoy politiki: teoriya i praktika prinyatiya zakonodatelnykh resheniy [Criminalization as a method of criminal law policy: Theory and practice of legislative decision-making]. Zakon [Law]. 2015;8:60-71. (In Russ.).

10. Kashepov VP, Golovanova NA, Gravina AA, et al. Kriminalizatsiya i dekriminalizatsiya kak formy preobrazovaniya ugolovnogo zakonodatelstva: monografiya [Criminalization and decriminalization as forms of transformation of criminal legislation: A monograph]. Moscow: IZiSP, Kontrakt Publ.; 2018. (In Russ.).

11. Kurilov VI. Pravo otstaet [Law is lagging behind]. In: Gavrilov VV., editor. Pravo, ego primenenie i realizatsiya v epokhu globalnykh vyzovov i menyayushcheysya realnosti: materialy VI Tikhookeanskogo yuridicheskogo foruma, 8 oktyabrya 2021 g. [Law, its application and implementation in the era of global challenges and changing reality. Proceedings of 6th Pacific Legal Forum, October 8, 2021]. Vladivostok: Publishing House of the Far Eastern Federal University; 2021. Pp. 26–34. (In Russ.).

12. Lopashenko NA. Ugolovnaya politika [Criminal policy]. Moscow: Wolters Kluwer; 2009. (In Russ.).

13. Mill DS. O svobode [About freedom]. In: Abramov MA, editor. O svobode: antologiya mirovoy liberalnoy mysli (I polovina XX veka) [About freedom: Anthology of world liberal thought (first half of the 20th century)]. Moscow: Progress-Tradition; 2000. Pp. 288–392. (In Russ.).

14. Nevskiy SA, Pikurov NI. O vospitatelnoy funktsii ugolovnogo zakona (po materialam raboty L. E. Vladimirova «Ugolovnyy zakonodatel, kak vospitatel naroda». M., 1903) [On the educational function of the criminal law (based on the work by L. E. Vladimirov «Criminal legislator as educator of the people». M., 1903)]. Vestnik Vserossiyskogo instituta povysheniya kvalifikatsii sotrudnikov Ministerstva vnutrennikh del Rossiyskoy Federatsii. 2020;3(55):12-18. (In Russ.).

15. Pudovochkin YuE. Nakazuemost deyaniya kak priznak prestupleniya [Punishability of an act as a sign of a crime]. Biblioteka ugolovnogo prava i kriminologii [Library of Criminal Law and Criminology]. 2016;5:166-172. (In Russ.).

16. Sergeev DN. Novaya kriminalizatsiya v sfere genetiki [New criminalization in the field of genetics]. In: Gavrilov VV, editor. Pravo, ego primenenie i realizatsiya v epokhu globalnykh vyzovov i menyayushcheysya realnosti: materialy VI Tikhookeanskogo yuridicheskogo foruma, 8 oktyabrya 2021 g. [Law, its application and implementation in the era of global challenges and changing reality. Proceedings of 6th Pacific Legal Forum, October 8, 2021]. Vladivostok: Publishing House of the Far Eastern Federal University; 2021. Pp. 202–204. (In Russ.).

17. Feyerbakh PA. Ugolovnoe pravo [Criminal Law], St. Petersburg: Med. Publishing House; 1810. (In Russ.).

18. Carvalho H. The preventive turn in criminal law. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2017.

19. Devlin P. The Enforcement of Morals. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1965.

20. Hart HLA. Law, Liberty, and Morality. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University; 1963.

21. Hart HM, Jr. The Aims of the Criminal Law. Law and Contemporary Problems. 1958;23:401-441.

22. Hess H, Scheerer S. Was ist Kriminalität? Kriminologische Journal. 1997;2:83-155.

23. Morris N, Hawkins GJ. The Honest Politician’s Guide to Crime Control. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1970.


Review

For citations:


Pudovochkin Yu.E., Babaev M.M. Modern Rule-Making as the Basis for the Formation of a New Theory of Criminalization. Lex Russica. 2023;76(1):110-125. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2023.194.1.110-125

Views: 374


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 1729-5920 (Print)
ISSN 2686-7869 (Online)