Big Data in the Mechanism of the Formation of Main Directions of the «Data Economy» National Project: A Civilist’s View of the Problem

The new national project «Data Economy» developed by the Government of the Russian Federation actualizes the problem of determining the legal nature of big data and the specifics of its civil law regime. Based on the basic civil law doctrinal provisions, the author explores the concept of big data, examines the relationship between the concepts of «big data», «database», «data bank». The paper concludes that the impossibility of big data’s existence without a material carrier — a computer device with appropriate software (a set of certain programs) and artificial intelligence (a new innovative product of intellectual activity), on the basis of which a symbiosis of artificial intelligence information technologies, technical means and digital structured information is formed — allows big data to be attributed to a certain information system. The conclusion is made about big data as a new object of civil rights, the content of the legal regime of which is determined by the characteristics of this object as a result of intellectual activity, namely: the ability to participate in civil law transactions only through the exclusive (property) right to big data by means of conclusion of relevant agreements: license and sublicense agreements, agreements concerning alienation of exclusive rights, commercial concessions, trust management of the exclusive right to big data, collective management. With regard to big data, we can talk about applicability of the contractual structure for the provision of information services and the conclusion of relevant contracts (rendering paid services using big data, etc.).

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