SANCTIONS IN LAW: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE

The paper considers viewpoints on the stages of social development. It is based on the position of E. Toffler, who distinguishes three stages: agricultural, industrial and informational. The concept of sanctions is given as a measure of influence on the subjects of law, the purpose of which is either to suppress, eliminate, condemn undesirable actions (negative sanctions), or to stimulate desirable behavior (positive sanctions). Sanctions in law are analyzed in an evolutionary way, that is, in relation to the mentioned periods of development of society. In agrarian society, the death penalty was the main type of punishment, as society and the government itself were not notable for humanity. The society kept growing: since the XVIII century the barbaric ways of its implementation began to disappear, and since the twentieth century the process of abolition of death penalty began in many countries. In an industrial society, the main burden falls on the deprivation of liberty. But with the development of society, the amount of imprisonment sentences has reduced and replaced by less stringent sanctions (fines, mandatory work). In the information society the nature of sanctions is changing dramatically: 1) the physical impact on offenders is replaced by mental; 2) the negative impact on the subjects of law gradually gives way to a positive impact on them. The paper analyzes in detail the sanctions in the information society: 1) deprivation/non-provision of work; 2) forced publicity (defamation) as the placement of negative information in the public space, which is associated with the loss of reputation; 3) promotion as a measure of influence on the subject, associated with the onset of favorable consequences for him, applied for merits in achieving particularly significant results. All types of incentive sanctions are considered: material incentives; moral incentive, which aims to provide a person with increased attention, recognition, respect, raising his authority; provision of benefits, i.e. certain advantages, additional rights; reward for outstanding services.

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