Personal Non-Property Rights Arising in Human Organs Bioprinting

3D printing is currently one of the markers of the technological revolution. The development of additive production challenges the legal science to search for adequate legal regulation of relations concerning the use of 3D printing in the area of treatment of humans. At the present stage, we need to resolve not only the issues concerning regulation of property relations arising in connection with bioprinting, but also the issues of regulation of personal non-property relationships. The implementation of 3D printing of human organs is inevitably associated with the interference with the exercise of personal non-property rights. New technologies development requires the resolution of the content of the right to health, the liability and responsibilities of creators of 3D printing files (CAD-files), medical establishments. The need to address bioethical problems is a new challenge for the humanity. Due to the possibility of creating human organs artificially, it is important to define the limits of the exercise of personal non-property rights. Do the limits for the perfection of a person’s body exist? Can an individual freely dispose of his or her body, their organs, individual cells of the body? Can the human organism, its individual cells, be considered as a material for bioprinting, giving them all the properties of material objects having marketability? On the other hand, the creation of bio-prints raises the problem of protection of personal data, information about the person’s health, other personal data that may become available to third parties and be used by the third parties to the detriment of the individual. Can the appropriate bio-material or a layout of printed unique human organ be used by third parties in their activities? How does the exercise of property and intellectual rights relate to the exercise of personal non-property rights in the framework of personal non-property relationships not related to property relationships? The research is devoted to finding answers to the questions posed.

additive production, 3D printing, bioprinting, human organs, genome, intangible good, personal nonproperty r, bioethics, health, human biomaterial

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