The Civil Right to Protection as the Right to an Award or Claim Against an Offender

The article subjects to criticism the dogma that had entrenched in the Soviet and post-Soviet civil law under which a civil right to protection is treated as an ability, feature or legal po wer of any subjective right to be enforced. The author gives reasons in favor of an opinion under which a civil right of an individual to protection is treated as a right to subject an offender to measures enumerated in Article 12 of the RF Civil Code. An analysis of such a measure as execution of a duty in kind proves that the civil right to protection like any other claim against an offender is the right to being subjected to such a measure. A claim right to protection means a right of claim initiated by the violation of a legal interest of an individual that represents a right of a defendant to an action taken by an offender that is combined with an opportunity for a latter to be subjected to an action required by law and, thus, treated as a right to ask the court to satisfy a claim. Arguments in favor of treating a civil right to protection as a right of claim substantiate the naturalness of reasoning according to which an infringement of a right of a person entails a new right to protection that is different from an infringed right. The specificity of this protective right is that it is aimed at an offender and it is a right of a claimant to demand from the court to subject an offender to taking a certain action, i.e. to satisfy a claim, and is characterized by a variety of actions an offender is required to take and that satisfy not only an infringed interest of a claimant but also interests provoked by an infringement, for example, payment of damages or payment of penalty. The author takes a stand according to which after a limitation period expires a subjective civil right ceases to exist. The rule enshrined in Article 206 of the RF Civil Code makes it obvious that according to Paragraph 2 of Part 2 of Article 199 the expiration of a period of limitation of actions discharges a claim right to protection and, thus, annuls a legal interest of a creditor in an action of a debtor and a right to claim this action as an opportunity to enforce it.

right to protection, right to sue, protection of civil rights, right to an award, satisfaction of a claim, judicial protection, limitation of actions, right to claim, creditor, debtor, infringement of a right

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