Dialectics of Changeability and Divisibility: Notes on the Criteria for the Periodization of Judicial Transformations in Russia in the Second Half of the 19th — Beginning of the 21st Centuries

Social demands for justice and efficiency of justice, the reforms of the judicial sphere (constitutional norms, judicial system and judicial proceedings), as well as the rapid information development of society cause further transformations in the judicial system. Along with other social institutions courts of various jurisdictions designed to resolve disputes related to their jurisdiction on the basis of laws significantly influence legislative discretion and real law enforcement. In their entirety, the courts of the country form a single judicial system, the legal foundations, principles of organization and activity of which are fixed by law. The study of the dynamics of judicial transformations, as well as the periodization of such by dividing them into successive stages of judicial changes, seems to the authors to be an urgent scientific task. The object of research in the paper is judicial transformations in Russia in the second half of the 19th — beginning of the 21st century, which the authors divided into the corresponding periods. The subject of the research is the criteria for the periodization of judicial reforms in Russia in the second half of the 19th — beginning of the 21st century. Method and methodology: identification and development of criteria for the periodization of judicial reforms in Russia in the second half of the 19th — beginning of the 21st century are carried out by the authors on the basis of the principles of systematic, axiological, comparative legal and historical legal research, as well as historiographical and dialectical method. The novelty of the study, the main conclusions: the criteria for the periodization of judicial transformations in Russia in the second half of the 19th — beginning of the 21st century, which include normative legal, substantive, contextual environmental, temporal and axiological criteria, given by the authors, make it possible to effectively carry out this periodization. The methodology of applying the set of criteria justified in the paper to the periodization of judicial transformations has a great heuristic potential for studying other social phenomena, the study of which is included in the subject field of historical and legal sciences.

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