On Constitutional and Legal Regulation of Science

The sphere of science is one of the important spheres of economic development ensuring the effective functioning of the state. Science has a direct impact on the pace and direction of economic development, thus, it can contribute to improving the socio-economic condition of the citizens. Therefore, science requires the attention of the state at the highest level. In this aspect, the constitutional and legal regulation of relations in the field of science plays an essential role, determining the priorities of state building.

The purpose of this work is to study the specifics of the constitutional and legal regulation of the sphere of science in modern states and to identify the features of the national constitutional legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic in the light of the constitutional reform carried out on April 11, 2021. In the course of the study, a comparative historical method was used, which made it possible to consider the problems in retrospect. The use of the statistical method demonstrated the peculiarities of state support for science in various countries. The comparative legal method contributed to the comparative analysis of the constitutional and legal regulation of the sphere of science in a number of foreign countries and the reflection of the general and specific in this matter, which allowed us to develop practical recommendations for improving domestic constitutional legislation.

The author summarizes that the states claiming leadership in science and education in the global context understand that these areas form the basis of the post-industrial innovation economy, and, therefore, define them as priorities in state building. This is expressed, firstly, in the constitutional consolidation of the state policy in the field of science and education; secondly, in the institutional support of the sphere of science; and thirdly, in sufficient funding of the sphere of science. Constitutional and legal norms presuppose the development of a mechanism for their implementation. In this aspect, one of the important conditions for their implementation are financial and economic guarantees, which, unfortunately, remain insufficient in Kyrgyzstan, which causes low rates of development of domestic science and insufficient representation of its results on the world stage.

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