CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF LEGAL PERSONS IN RUSSIA AND GERMANY: TO THE TREATMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This article discusses issues related to the introduction of criminal responsibility of legal entities in Russia and Germany. It is stressed that for Russia in 2015 the issue in question acquired its special relevance again in connection with the draft federal law "On amendments to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation in connection with the introduction of criminal responsibility of legal persons", # 750443-6. For Germany, this problem is especially important due to the fact that in 2013, Federal Land North Rhine-Westphalia was introduced to the draft law on the introduction of criminal liability of legal persons and other organizations. The article notes that the Russian Federation civil and administrative liability of legal persons corresponds with universally recognized norms and principles of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation, on the one hand, and does not contradict Part 4 Art. 15 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, on the other hand, makes it possible to identify the subject of criminal responsibility in accordance with the compliance with the peculiar Russian criminal law principles, teachings about crime and punishment, not destroy the current enforcement. In Germany, the responsibility of legal persons is of "quasi criminal" character. It is established on the basis of the public offence Act (Gesetz über Ordnungswidrigkeiten (OWiG)) of May 24, 1968 (as amended on February 19,1987), which is an important source of additional criminal law (strafrechtliche Nebengesetze). The article emphasizes that the legislator in both Russia and Germany elected criminal law, guilt-based, bound to a particular person. Legal entity does not have legal capacity as such, and therefore liability. Therefore, improving legislation would be sufficient to effectively combat crime. In conclusion the author justifies inexpediency of establishment of criminal responsibility of legal persons in the Russian Federation and Germany.

the concept of criminal law, the perpetrator of the crime, legal person, corporate crime, criminal responsibility, administrative responsibility quasi-criminal responsibility, liquidation of the enterprise, fine

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