FORMS OF GOVERNMENT IN THE NATIONAL POLITICAL AND LEGAL THOUGHT OF THE SECOND HALF OF XIX-BEGINNING OF XX CENTURY AND CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN CONSTITUTIONALISM

The article describes a problem of forms of government in Russia as a constitutional State. Even in the national political and legal thought in the second half of XIX-beginning of XX century there was a main controversy between proponents of federalization and the so-called autonomy of individual territories of Russia. The first thought that the Federation allows you to give a legal response to the challenges of nationalism and proletarian internationalism in Bolshevik version. The second thought in Russian Empire at that time had no equal-sized territory that can exist independently, and thus serve as full members of the Federation. Modern Russia, according to the Constitution of 1993 onwards, is a federal State. Specification of Russian federalism principles is carried out in Chapter 3 of the Constitution in art. 71, which sets out the objects of the exclusive jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, in art. 72, which lists the subjects of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as in art. 73, establishing that outside the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the powers of the Russian Federation on the matters of joint competence of the Russian Federation and constituent entities of the Russian Federation the Russian Federation entities have full state power. However, economic, social, and political differentiation of regions which differ substantially in living and working conditions of citizens raise doubts as to the fairness of the current system. The grant nature of the majority of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and, consequently, their dependence on subsidies of the Federal Government, do not leave opportunities for clusters of public interests groups, living in the constituent entities of the Federation. The current system of federal relations in modern Russia is more in line with the views of the native writers of the early twentieth century about autonomy than about federalism. And accordingly, it generates the same antinomy in theory and the negative consequences in practice. In order to overcome them, it is necessary to address the basic principles of constitutionalism as a form of awareness: freedom and justice, based on the recognition of the equal dignity of the human being. Federalism in the constitutional state is based on the clustering together of public groups, possessing legal capacity. Therefore, there can not be joint subjects of the centre and the members of the Federation in the Federal constitutional state under art. 72 of our Constitution, because thereby severely restricted the legal personality of the members of the Federation.

Russian constitutionalism, federalism, autonomy, constitutional state, form of Government, Russian Empire, human rights, legal personality, territorially-public staff, the right to self-determination

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