CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL REFORM IN RUSSIA: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

The article is devoted to the underexplored issue of constitutional legal regulation of the education system, its assessment as a constitutional value. The author analyzes the legal aspect of the educational reform initiated over the past two decades. This process is considered as a two-step. It is noted that in the first phase (1990-ies.) chronic underfunding of the education system, hit the moral and ethical foundations of the Russian society, undermining respect for a techer and teaching work. It resulted in the departure of most highly qualified specialists from middle and high schools. During the second phase (2000-ies) the national educational system itself was under danger. To this period the author relates the widespread introduction of the unified State exam (EGE), the introduction of a two-tier system of education "Bachelor-master program" creation of grade-ranking system as a universal criterion of estimation of knowledge of students and many other additional innovations. This article analyzes the most negative consequences of the education reform: a) fall of the social status of teachers and lecturers; b) bureaucratization of the education system; c) elimination of a centralized system; d) elimination of the educational criteria and standards; e) introduction the unified State exam (EGE) as a means of admission to higher education; f) introduction of a system of "Bachelor-master program"; g) the introduction of grade-ranking system of evaluation of student performance. The author provides a detailed analysis of the Federal law "On education" adopted in Russia in 2012, particular attention is given to the legal structures, capable, in the author's opinion, to lead to the most dangerous results. The article offers a way out of this difficult situation and related necessary directions in social and public activities. The author justifies the thesis that the draft law "On national education", proposed to adoption in the State Duma by the communist fraction in the autumn 2012, could have been largely in tune with contemporary realities. There is an analysis of the advantages of the specified document compared with the current legislation.

education, the education system, the constitutional value of education, the Bologna system, socio-economic rights, the right to education, the constitutional order, constitutional spiritual foundations, the Constitution of the Russian Federation

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