Forced Removal Of Organs And Tissue

The article is devoted to the problematic issues of the criminal legal assessment of coercion to seize human organs for transplantation of tissues, as well as trafficking in human beings for removing organs from the victim. There are difficulties in applying Art. 120 of the Criminal Code, due to the incompleteness of the legislative construction. So, in science the question of the victim in compulsion to withdraw organs and (or) human tissues for transplantation is ambiguously solved. Based on a literal interpretation of the norm, it can be concluded that they will not be in the specified crime whoever the organ or tissue is going to withdraw, but the one who must perform such an operation, that is, usually the doctor performing the transplant. The legislator pursued a different goal: he tried to provide criminal protection primarily to those who are compelled to donate their organs or tissues for transfer to another person gratuitously or to conclude a commercial transaction contrary to the law related to their disposal. Considering the ways of compulsion to remove organs and tissues of a person, the question of the limits of mental coercion as one of the constructive signs of the offense specified in Art. 120 of the Criminal Code. The issue of the possibility of recognizing as a mental coercion the threat of violence against close relatives of the coerced is raised. In connection with the theoretical problems of interpretation of the elements of the crime, stated in Art. 120 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, its insufficient "capacity for work" is noted. A new version of Art. 120 of the Criminal Code is proposed. The ratio of the goal of transplantation of human organs and tissues and the purpose of removal of human organs and tissues is determined. In the context of the analysis of the characteristics of the offense set forth in paragraph "f" of Part 2 of Art. 1271 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the question of the competition of goals: the exploitation of man and the seizure of human organs and tissues. Such competition can only be talked about actions involving recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring and receipt. Rules for the qualification of human trafficking, combined with the subsequent removal of organs and (or) human tissues for further use, are analyzed. It is noted that the use of organs and (or) tissues is not covered by the composition of the crime enshrined in clause "ж" Part 2 Art. 1271 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which makes it necessary to establish criminal liability for trade and other deals with human organs and tissues, regardless of the purpose of such actions.

crime, criminal liability, physical coercion, mental coercion, transplantation, human trafficking, removal of human organs, qualification

1. Глашев А.А. Медицинское право. Практическое руководство для юристов и медиков. - М., 2004.

2. Зейналов М.М., Гаммаев В.М. Уголовно-правовой анализ квалифицирующих признаков торговли людьми // Современное право. - 2011. - № 4.

3. Иногамова-Хегай Л.В., Карабашев М.А. О торговле людьми и использовании рабского труда // Противодействие преступности: уголовно-правовые, криминологические и уголовно-исполнительные аспекты: материалы III Российского конгресса уголовного права (28- 29 мая 2008 года). - М., 2008.

4. Мельникова С., Мухин А., Львов Ю. Органы против органов // Деньги. - 2003. - 9 июня. - № 22 (427).

5. Смирнов В.А. Уголовно-правовая характеристика принуждения к изъятию органов и тканей потерпевшего (ст. 120 УК РФ) // Сибирский юридический вестник. - 2005. - № 3.

6. Тихонова С. С. Прижизненное и посмертное донорство в Российской Федерации // Вопросы уголовно-правового регулирования. - СПб., 2002.