GENERAL CHARTER OF THE IMPERIAL RUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES IN 1884 AS A COMPREHENSIVE ACT ON HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT

This article discusses the issues of reforming the system of higher education in the second half of the 19th century. The author analyzes the General Charter of the Imperial Russian universities, adopted during the reign of Emperor Alexander III. This Statute replaced the General Statute of the Imperial Russian universities of 1835. The article describes a system of University management, its internal and external components. The Charter declared that 'universities are under the special patronage of his Imperial Majesty and are referred to as Imperial'. The general provisions of the Charter enshrined the principles of hierarchy in the management system of universities. Senior officials were the Minister and trustee, representing the out of band management. It was the Rector who was to provide direct and continuous internal management. The general provisions enshrined the principles of unity and collegiality, stating those bodies which the Rector had to use as a guidance in the exercise of its powers. The Statute determined that 'direct management of the University belongs to the Rector, with participation when necessary of the following: a)Council, b) Board, c) Assembly and deans of faculties and g) Inspector of students with his aides'. This article analyzes the composition of the subjective educational and scientific activity of the University, the legal status of teachers and students, including their certification. The Charter of 1884 upholds the classical structure of Russian universities and specifies that 'each University consists of faculties which constitute component parts of one whole'. All taught subjects in University were allocated among science departments: History and Philology, Mathematics and Physics, Law, Medicine and the Faculty of Oriental Languages at St. Petersburg University. The faculties included Chairs as main scientific and educational units. The conceptual foundations of the General Statute of the Imperial Russian universities of 1863 contained several innovations that met the requirements of their time. The genesis of the State educational policy and University legislation is of great scientific interest and requires further historical and legal research, the primary source of which is undoubtedly the General Statute of the Imperial Russian universities, 1884.

higher education, University, Statute, Ministry of National Education, Trustee, University management system, Rector, Council, Board, academic staff

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