Directions of Optimization of Criminal Law in the Context of Optimization of the System of Legal Regulation of Fight Against Organized Crime

The improvement of criminal law is the most important part of optimizing the system of legal regulation in the fight against organized crime in general. Based on the years-long research of organized crimes conducted by the author, the article formulates proposals for the improvement of criminal legislation with a view to optimizing the system of legal regulation to combat organized crime. The author believes that the optimization of the criminal law must be carried out in two main directions: the improvement of the already existing provisions and institutions, and inclusion of new provisions and institutions aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of the fight against organized crime. On this basis, the author proposes to separate criminalization of criminal gangs and criminal organizations; to further improve the codified concept of "criminal activities"; to designate any intentional offences, committed by the participants of organized criminal groups as a category of particularly grave crimes; to introduce criminal liability of legal persons; and to improve the implementation of the institute of a criminal record. The author formulates and justifies several proposals relating to sentencing, in particular, the need for significant expansion of the scope of such existing types of penalties as fines and deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or be engaged in certain activities, and the need to supplement the list of punishments, enshrined in Art. 44 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the penalties of an economic nature and returning to the "confiscation of property" as a form of punishment. It is justified that increasing the effectiveness of the fight against organized crime is directly connected with the necessity of also a broader criminalization of organized criminal activities in the special part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Since this is a wide-ranging and multidimensional activity, the existing in a special section of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation rules criminalize even not all basic elements of this activity. Some of the most important elements of organized criminal activities, which are subject to criminalization, are those activities that have not been promised, i.e. to promote a criminal organization or association of wrongdoers; to harbor participants of organized criminal groups; propaganda and public justification of crimes. As organized criminal groups actively oppose law enforcement bodies, it is proposed to optimize the provisions of Chapter 31 "Offences against Justice" of the special part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

crime, organized crime, combating organized crime, criminal records, legal persons, criminal responsibility, grounds for criminalization, grounds for decriminalization, criminal organizations, criminal community

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