Criminological Assessment of the Current State of Corruption in Russia

In the Russian Federation special attention is given to combating corruption and, in particular, increase of level of responsibility for corruption crimes and improvement of law enforcement practice in this area (p. 46 of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation approved by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2015 No. 683). In this regard, the relevance and practical importance is the evaluation of the results of anti-corruption measures and their influence on the state of corruption. The author analyzes and illustrates with judicial and investigation practices the contents of the list No. 23 for the corruption-related crimes, approved by the Directive of the Prosecutor General of Russia No. 65/11, Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 1 of 01.02.2016. The author characterizes the meaning of a true (legally competent) understanding of all officials of public authorities and local self-government and citizens of the circle of corruption crimes as unlawful acts, not limited only to bribery (articles 290-291.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) in the light of the implementation of the urgent directions of the National Anti-Corruption Plan for 2016/2017, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 147 of 01.04.2016. Based on the study of official stats on the state of corruption and certain types of corruption crimes, and on convicted in 2012-2015 (under articles 290 and 291 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in 20012015) in Russia, the author reveals significant changes of the criminal situation related to corruption crimes at the present stage. Among them: - steady decrease in the percentage of corruption crimes in the overall number of general crimes: from 2.15% in 2012 to 1.36 % in 2015; - steady and rapid increase in the percentage of bribery in the overall number of corruption crimes (articles 290 291.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) (+109,3%): from 20.5% in 2012 to 42.9% in 2015; - the number of the recorded facts of bribery has exceeded the number of registered facts of bribery for the first time in 2015 (for the past 15 years); - with the annual decline in the number of registered corruption crimes (34.5 %) there have been a steady increase in the number of convicted persons for corruption crimes (+ 91,2%).

corruption, bribery, stats, corruption crime, anti-corruption measures, bribe, trends, criminological indicators

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