METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF THE JURIDICAL SCIENCE IN THE NEW TIME (1600-1850)

The article is devoted to methodological peculiarities of legal thought and juridical science in the New Time (about 1600-1850). The New Time is a turning point not only in the history of the whole world civilization, but also in the history of philosophical knowledge and positive sciences as well as in the history of methodology emerging and functioning at the interface of philosophy and science. Methodology is a philosophical discipline that establishes effective methods, approaches, methods of cognition and tools necessary for the implementation of scientific research, including the field of the juridical science. The main goal of methodology is to organize and regulate cognition as a purposeful process of obtaining and processing new and reliable scientific facts. Particular significance of the New Time for the development of methodology lies in the fact that it was at this historical stage that the fundamental principles of the methodological matrix of scientific knowledge were developed, since science then acquires the functions of a system and systematic production of knowledge on the basis of a comprehensive empirical study carried out in compliance with reality. The New Time gave impetus to the formation of scientific knowledge of a modern type that acquired an institutional character and industrial scale and became the most important non-economic factor in the industrial revolution in the West, opening the way for scientific and technological progress and industrial production of the Newest Times. The New Time was the period when, due to the theoretical efforts of thinkers and jurists, the general methodological basis that continues to exist at the present stage of its development was established. At the same time, the formation of separate branches of law was initiated: philosophy of law, law encyclopedias, a little later-the general theory of law, as well as the theoretical aspect of certain branches disciplines. In the context of methodology of jurisprudence, two opposing tendencies that competitively coexisted in the philosophical discourse of the New Time can be differentiated, namely: rationalistic and empirical approaches. A methodological matrix of jurisprudence that was influenced by both rationalistic and empirical epistemology is enriched by the use of many methods, some of which has been known since Antiquity, but have not been applied in the field of the juridical science. Thus, the article highlights a rather ambiguous problem of methodological foundations of the cognitive sphere of modern jurisprudence.

civil society, natural law, historical method, logical method, methodology, New Time, social contract, rule of law, principle of freedom, principle of justice, systematic approach, comparative legal method

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