Are there exceptions to the jus standi requirement before the International Court's of Justice? A critical appraisal of the Judgment in Croatia/Serbia Case - General observations about ius standi requirement before the ICJ
https://doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2017.127.6.189-198
Резюме
В статье рассматривается толкование принципа jus standi Международным судом ООН в случаях применения Конвенции о геноциде «Хорватия против Федеративной Республики Югославия/Сербия». Определено, что позиция Суда в отношении правомерности использования силы по иску, выдвинутому Федеративной Республикой Югославия против десяти стран - членов НАТО, находится в остром противоречии с его позицией в деле «Хорватия/СФР Югославия/Сербия». В своем последнем решении Суд фактически сформулировал исключение из принципа jus standi на основании последствий нескольких факторов: a) так называемого принципа Мавроматтиса; b) принципа релевантного осуществления правосудия; c) принципа competence de la competence; d) владение собственностью судом. Автором сделан вывод о том, что ни один приведенный аргумент не может служить основанием исключения из такого обязательного требования, как jus standi, и, соответственно, позиция Суда в деле «Хорватия против Сербии» представляется продиктованной экстраправовыми факторами.
Ключевые слова
Об авторе
М. Креса
Международный суд ООН; Европейский Суд по правам человека; Международный арбитражный суд; Венецианская комиссия
Россия
Россия
Список литературы
1. Jowitt s Dictionary of English Law, 2nd ed., Vol. 2, p. 1115
2. Judgment No. 2, 1924, P.C.I.J. Series A, No. 2, p. 34.
3. CR 2008/11, pp. 33-34, para. 8 (Crawford).
4. Ambatielos (Greece v. United Kingdom), Preliminary Objection, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1952, p. 40.
5. Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), Jurisdiction and Admissibillity, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1984, pp. 428-429, para. 83.
6. Jurisdiction, Judgment No. 6, 1925, P.C.I.J., Series A, No. 6, p. 14.
7. Nicaragua v. United States of America (Jurisdiction and Admissibility, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1984, pp. 428429, para. 83).
8. Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v. FR of Yugoslavia/Serbia), Dissenting Opinion of Judge Owada, para. 24.
9. Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Belgium), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2004 (I), p. 295, para. 36.
10. G. Schwarzenberger, „International Law as Applied by International Court'ss and Tribunals", International Judicial Law, Vol. IV, 1986, pp. 434-435
11. Faclere, The Oermanent Court's of International Justice, 1932, p. 63
12. R. Kolb, Theorie du ius cogens international Essai de relecture du concept, 2001, pp. 344-348
13. See Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions, Judgment, No. 2, 1924, P.C.I.J., Series A, No. 2, p. 34.
14. Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia, Judgment No. 6, 1925, P.C.I.J., Series A, No. 6, p. 14.
15. In that regard, strictly and without exception, the Court has treated the issue in eight Legality of Use of Force cases (Serbia and Montenegro v. Belgium), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2004 (I), pp. 298- 299, paras. 46; pp. 310-311, para 79; pp. 314-315, para. 91 and p. 327, para. 126.
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17. isheries Jurisdiction (Federal Republic of Germany v. Iceland), Jurisdiction of the Court, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1973, p. 53, para. 11
18. Aerial Incident of 27 July 1955 (Israel v. Bulgaria), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1959, p. 143
19. Judgment, para. 86
20. G. Schwarzenberger, International Law, Vol. I, 1945, p. 376
21. Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Belgium), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2004 (I), pp. 298-299, para. 46
22. see also the ten cases in the provisional measures phase (Yugoslavia v. Belgium), I.C.J. Reports 1999 (I), p. 132, para. 20
23. and Fisheries Jurisdiction (Federal Republic of Germany v. Iceland), Jurisdiction of the Court's, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1973, p. 53, para. 11
24. South West Africa (Ethiopia v. South Africa; Liberia v. South Africa), Second Phase, Judgment, I.C.J. reports 1966, p. 36, para. 57.
25. I. Shihata, The Power of the International Court to Determine its own Jurisdiction, Competence de la Competence, 1965, p. 304.
26. G. Fitzmaurice, „The Law and Procedure of the International Court of Justice, 1951-1954: Questions of Jurisdiction, Competence and Procedure", British Year Book of International Law, 1958, p. 15
27. Martime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain), Jurisdiction and Admissibility, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1995, p. 23, para. 43
28. Nottebohm (Liechtenstein v. Guatemala), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1953, p. 122
29. Serbia and Montenegro v. Belgium), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2004 (I), p. 299, para. 46
30. see also I.C.J. Reports 1998,p. 26, para. 44
31. Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1996 (II), p. 613, para. 26
32. Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, I.C.J. Reports 1997, p. 257, para. 30; pp. 257-258, para. 31
33. Barselona Traction, I.C.J. Reports 1964, pp. 6, 42: Oil Platforms, I.C.J. Reports 1998, pp. 190-203, para. 33; p. 205, para 43
34. see also the Polish Upper Silesia case, Jurisdiction, Judgment No. 6, 1925, P.C.I.J., Series A, No. 6, p. 14
35. Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions, Judgment No. 2, 1924, P.C.I.J., Series A, No. 2, p. 34
Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Креса М. . Lex russica. 2017;(6):189-198. https://doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2017.127.6.189-198
For citation:
Kreca M. Are there exceptions to the jus standi requirement before the International Court's of Justice? A critical appraisal of the Judgment in Croatia/Serbia Case - General observations about ius standi requirement before the ICJ. Lex Russica. 2017;(6):189-198. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2017.127.6.189-198
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