The paper examines the spatiotemporal aspects of legal ontology in the context of Russia’s scientific and technological development. The author proceeds from the premise that contemporary technological dynamics — characterized by the exponential acceleration of innovation cycles and systemic uncertainty regarding their consequences — are generating a fundamentally new technosocial and legal reality that requires profound theoretical reflection. The temporal asymmetry between the pace of technological change and the inertia of legal regulation exacerbates the problem of law’s «catch-up» character and necessitates the development of mechanisms for anticipatory adaptation. At the same time, the spatial asymmetry of Russia’s scientific and technological potential, reinforced by the persistent stereotype of perceiving territory as a «burden», results in the overconcentration of research centers and the scientific «desertification» of the periphery, thereby deepening socio-territorial stratification and weakening the country’s overall innovation capacity. The paper substantiates the need to develop a distinct projective-adaptive regime of legal regulation that integrates the imperative of maintaining continuity with the past through fundamental principles and values (serving as temporal invariants), the synchronous regulation of current technological practices, and the construction of the future through properly conceived anticipatory regulation. The paper elucidates the ontological meaning of anticipatory regulation not as the prediction of future legal relations, but as the establishment, in the present, of flexible regulatory frameworks capable of accommodating multiple scenarios of technological development. The study examines specific instruments for implementing such regulation, including scenario-based lawmaking, experimental legal regimes, adaptive normative structures, and review procedures. Particular attention is devoted to the role of legal principles, values, and legal fictions as temporal stabilizers that ensure the coherence and integrity of the legal order under conditions of heightened uncertainty.

The study is devoted to analyzing the formation of a system of legal regulation governing relations in the sphere of the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation as a new phenomenon in state and legal development, as well as to identifying optimal vectors for its further evolution. Accordingly, the principal substantive components of the paper include the legal nature of technological sovereignty, its objectives and underlying causes, the hierarchical system of normative legal acts in this field, atypical legal regulators (including recommendations, development programs, and standards), issues of internal systemic coherence in legal regulation, and prospective directions for improving the regulation of technological relations. Particular attention is paid to the key features of the new Federal Law on Russia’s technological policy and its correlation with related federal legislation. The study concludes that it is necessary to ensure harmonization of normative legal acts and other legal regulatory instruments; synchronization of legal regulation at the federal and regional levels; rationalization of organizational and managerial decision-making in this sphere; expansion of the use of experimental legal regimes; diversification and specification of legal regulation governing technological integration with friendly states; and examination of the most successful foreign legal practices for ensuring technological sovereignty.

The paper examines the need for a clear conceptual distinction between the categories of representation, namely: authority and mandate. The author proposes treating the mandate not merely as an element of a contract but as an independent legal category that should be expressly incorporated into the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Article 182) alongside authority. It is emphasized that representation without a mandate entails an obligation of «passivity», whereas the mandate «activates» the authority. The author demonstrates that current regulation (Articles 174 and 183 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) erroneously substitutes «mandate» with «contractual restrictions», thereby creating doctrinal and practical gaps. A distinction is proposed whereby Article 183 of the Civil Code should apply to cases involving the absence or excess of authority, while Article 174 should govern violations of a mandate. A historical analysis shows that authority arising from circumstances (e.g., the actions of a salesperson or cashier) pertains to the acceptance of performance (Article 312 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), rather than to the conclusion of transactions. The author therefore proposes deleting paragraph 2 of Clause 1 of Article 182 of the Civil Code and transferring its substance to Article 312, thereby fundamentally revising the conceptual approach to the institution. The paper further criticizes the expansion of representation to encompass juridical acts (such as notices and claims), viewing this as a return to nineteenthcentury doctrine. At the same time, the author underscores the cross-sectoral nature of the institution of representation, while maintaining the unity of its civil-law foundations for the emergence of authority.

An employer’s reputation plays a critical role in attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel, as well as in shaping a positive corporate image in the marketplace, commonly referred to as the employer brand. An employer’s business reputation encompasses such elements as corporate values, organizational culture, business model, opportunities for professional development, and related characteristics. In addition to these objective factors, an employer’s reputation is also formed through the subjective perceptions of current and prospective employees, who evaluate the organization through the lens of attributes that render it more or less attractive as a place of employment. Labor disputes between employers and employees may significantly affect an organization’s business reputation by eroding client trust, diminishing employee morale, and deteriorating financial performance. This study compares and distinguishes the concepts of employer image and employer business reputation, substantiates the need for a statutory definition of «employer business reputation» within labor legislation, and proposes measures aimed at minimizing reputational risks arising from labor disputes.

The paper examines the socio-integrative function of criminal procedure law and seeks to identify its unifying role within society. The socio-integrative purpose of criminal procedure law lies in fostering social cohesion and securing public acceptance of the State’s methods of responding to criminally punishable conduct. Criminal proceedings, as well as their institutional design, reflect society’s attitude toward the criminal justice system as a whole. The organization of criminal proceedings should be grounded on moral principles and remain subject to ethical standards and normative constraints. The paper describes criteria for assessing social satisfaction with the existing criminal justice system, including the general socio-psychological climate surrounding the resolution of criminal conflicts and the level of public trust in the system. Such trust encompasses, inter alia, a certain degree of social solidarity with the procedural coercive measures established within the system and satisfaction with their application. The organic interrelationship between the socio-integrative function of substantive criminal law and that of criminal procedure law is emphasized. At the same time, the Article demonstrates that criminal procedure law possesses an independent socio-integrative function, manifested in the capacity of criminal proceedings and their institutional structure to satisfy fundamental societal needs. These needs include the deterrence and control of crime, the resolution of criminal law conflicts, the restitution of harm caused by criminal conduct, and the prevention of future criminal offenses.

The principle of legal certainty includes numerous requirements that ensure that criminal law and its application comply with the requirements of the rule of law and legality. One of these requirements is maximum certainty, according to which the norms of criminal law must be worded clearly and precisely in order to make criminal law understandable and predictable to citizens. The author draws attention to the fact that the synchronization of criminal law and technological innovations is justified by the needs of society. The legislative authority is obliged to monitor technological changes, in particular the development of vehicles, in order to regulate legal relations in the field of road safety in a timely and effective manner. Without constant monitoring and analysis of the effects of new technologies, the criminal law will inevitably lag behind reality, which will lead to gaps in legal regulation and situations where acts that pose a public danger will not be covered by current legislation. The ambiguity of the law undermines the authority of the state and poses a threat to the safety of road users. Conclusions are drawn regarding the practical significance of the principle of legal certainty and the insufficient effectiveness of criminal law norms in the field of road safety. The paper argues for the necessity of eliminating the gap in criminal law by classifying personal mobility devices as objects of motor vehicle crimes. It substantiates the need to amend Article 264.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation by adding a note, namely in the context of the certainty of the criminal law prohibition. Proposals have been formulated to change the disposition of this rule of criminal law.

Modern state propaganda is aimed at achieving goals that are significant for the state and society, and is characterized by consolidating potential. The present stage of changes in the sphere of legal regulation of propaganda is marked by the importance of the socializing function of propaganda, which has found normative consolidation. The socializing value of propaganda is associated with the legitimization of moral norms, and there are many examples of this in the legislation in force after the constitutional changes in 2020. The attention of the legislator was given to the jurisdictional prohibition of propaganda of non-procreation, the introduction of propaganda of traditional family values, etc. Such transformations in the sphere of propaganda regulation will continue to be observed in Russian law due to social conditionality, social demand of society and potential. Not only antisocial behavior is actively regulated, but also socially significant behavior, which has led to the legal regulation of creative propaganda reflecting the new goals and aspirations of the state, influencing, among other things, the formation of national identity and the creation of conditions for the unity of the people, aimed at ensuring the national security of the country.

The active development of the e-commerce market necessitates the timely improvement of mechanisms for interaction between parties to distance transactions. Both business (in terms of increasing competitiveness) and the state (in terms of economic development) have a stake in this. One particularly sought-after direction for modernizing distance interaction systems is ensuring a transparent and convenient mechanism for online dispute resolution at both the national and international levels. The paper analyzes approaches adopted in the APEC Cooperation Framework for Online Dispute Resolution of Cross-Border Commercial Disputes and the Model Law on Electronic Transactions of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). It also examines the reasons for the discontinuation of the online consumer dispute resolution platform that operated within the European Union. An assessment is provided of the draft federal law «On Amendments to the Law of the Russian Federation ‘On the Protection of Consumer Rights’ and the Federal Law ‘On Alternative Dispute Resolution Procedures Involving a Mediator (Mediation Procedure)’” regarding the creation of a legal basis for the development of alternative online dispute resolution mechanisms. As part of the analysis of the feasibility of introducing a state platform for online dispute resolution, the paper examines the operation of similar mechanisms in Brazil and Kazakhstan. The author concludes that the development of the relevant regulatory framework must be based on a logically sound concept that arises from the needs of public authorities, private individuals, business structures, and public institutions, while taking into account modern economic, technological, and other realities, as well as both positive and negative international and foreign experience.

The paper is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of the principle of nondiscrimination in the field of biotechnology within the non-institutionalized association of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, as well as the Republic of Egypt, the Iranian Republic, the United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, Indonesia, known by the acronym BRICS. The author examines the legal framework of combating discrimination in the field of biotechnology and explores issues related to the operation of mechanisms for protection against discrimination. Considerable attention in the study is given to a comprehensive review of the experience of the BRICS member states in combating discrimination on the basis of genetic status. The author identifies trends in the development of legal regulation in the area of combating discrimination in biotechnology within BRICS, including clarifying the role of acts of soft law instruments in the context of the of non-discrimination. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the importance of harmonizing national legislation as a key mechanism for ensuring cooperation among BRICS member states in establishing and implementing the principle of non-discrimination.